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Biomedical subjects

J M DeBoy

Publications and source records attributed to J M DeBoy.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Government-mandated cytology proficiency testing: practical, equitable, and defensible standards.

Maryland's Proficiency Testing (PT) Program in cytology has attempted to meet eight technical criteria by implementing PT standards that include rigorously criterion-referenced Papanicolaou smear-stained glass slides from actual patients; conducting PT in the laboratory; having PT conducted and monitored by a regulatory agency; testing cytotechnologist and pathologist in conjunction, yet employing separate grading systems based on a limited number of fully defined diagnostic categories; and using PT results to compel practitioners to obtain retraining. Maryland believes its PT program not only is effective, efficient, and legally defensible but also meets the intended purpose and goals of the Clinical Laboratories Improvement Amendments of 1988. This paper reviews the technical and administrative aspects of Maryland's state-mandated PT program and compares its standards and methods to those mandated by the federal Health Care Financing Administration.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.↗
PubMed1991

Maryland's cytology labs: 1989-90 proficiency testing results.

In 1990, the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene provided proficiency-testing to seventy-three cytology laboratories, and 293 technical employees. Sixty-three of these labs, 132 of 154 pathologists, and 130 of 139 cytotechnologists passed without having to undergo retesting or retraining. Failing laboratories accounted for approximately 2 percent of the cervicovaginal slides diagnosed in 1989. Labs with the lowest passing rates were small ones operated by single pathologists not employing cytotechnologists. Eight pathologists either surrendered their state permit or were required to obtain additional training; no cytotechnologist required additional training.

Cell Biology↗
PubMed1980

Serotypes of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated in the United States.

Strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from humans in the United States were found in 11 of 16 serotypes that previously were documented in the international literature as associated with enterotoxin production. Of 68 strains belonging to these 11 serotypes, 28 (41%) were enterotoxigenic; none of 46 strains belonging to 5 other previously implicated serotypes was enterotoxigenic. Control cultures of various serotypes were selected for comparison and found to contain 0 to 7% enterotoxigenic E. coli. E. coli belonging to documented enterotoxin-associated serotypes, characterized by both O and H antigens, were selected for toxin testing to determine their prevalence and potential pathogenicity in this country. In this study, a strain possessing any combination of an enterotoxin-associated serotype O antigen and H antigen was more likely to be enterotoxigenic than strains possessing only the specific O antigen or H antigen or neither. Five E. coli strains belonging to undocumented enterotoxin-associated serotypes did contain a combination of previously reported enterotoxin-associated serotype O and H antigens and did produce enterotoxin.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1980

Hemolytic activity in enterotoxigenic and non-enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli.

We screened 223 strains of Escherichia coli belonging to serotypes previously associated with the production of enterotoxin for hemolytic activity, using horse erythrocytes in liquid and in agar media. Thirty-eight were hemolytic. They belonged to nine different serotypes; most (65.8%) belonged to one serotype, O6: H-. Additionally, all 38 strains were specifically assayed for a filterable, heat-labile hemolytic activity previously associated with a hemolysin plasmid. A comparison of hemolytic activity and enterotoxicity showed that none of 32 strains hemolytic in both media was enterotoxigenic; 28 of the 32 expressed heat-labile hemolytic activity. Four of the six strains hemolytic in only one of the media were enterotoxigenic; none of these six expressed heat-labile hemolytic activity. Of 223 strains, 176 that were of human origin and isolated in the United States were further assayed for three traditionally plasmid-mediated characteristics: heat-labile enterotoxin, heat-stable enterotoxin, and colonization factors. The interrelationships of these characteristics, including hemolytic activity, may reflect varying degrees of plasmid compatibility.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Antibiotic resistance in Enterotoxigenic and non-enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.

Antibiotic disk susceptibility tests were done on 220 strains of Escherichia coli belonging to serotypes reported in the literature to be associated with the production of enterotoxin. A total of 128 (58%) were resistant to one or more antibiotics, sulfa drugs, or chemotherapeutic agents. An analysis of these strains revealed primary, secondary, and tertiary drug resistance patterns that indicated a selective pattern in the formation of multiple drug resistance in E. coli. Resistances to certain antibiotics were more likely to occur in pairs and triads (secondary resistance patterns) that were often combined or coexisted in a single strain of E. coli to produce tertiary drug resistance patterns, conferring drug resistance to five or six different antibiotics. Among enterotoxin-associated serotypes, single and multiple drug resistance was less frequently associated with enterotoxin-produced strains than with strains from the same serotype that were not enterotoxigenic. Within the enterotoxigenic E. coli, single and multiple resistance to antibiotics was more frequent in strains producing only heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) than in strains producing only heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) or both. The number of resistances to different antibiotics per resistant strain averaged approximately 1.4 for LT plus ST or LT strains, and 3.9 for ST strains and nonenterotoxigenic strains. Phenotypic characterization of 170 strains for four usually plasmid-mediated characteristics showed that the number of antibiotics to which a strain was directly resistant varied with the type and number of plasmid-mediated characteristics present.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

One state's approach to the regulation of cholesterol screening.

In 1989 Maryland became the first State to enact legislation, separate from existing laboratory law, authorizing a comprehensive, self-supporting program to regulate cholesterol screening conducted outside of laboratories and physicians' offices. This program requires a State permit to conduct cholesterol screening and oversees regulations that define minimum standards of quality assurance in such areas as personnel training, analytical quality control, counseling, and patient referral. This paper is a review of some of the political and technical problems that Maryland faced and solved in developing and implementing an effective regulatory program.

Cholesterol↗