The Questionnaire on Prolonging and Shortening Life was developed to assess the views of medical personnel regarding brain death, organ procurement policies, and related issues. The questionnaire was completed by 189 transplant physicians, 197 clinical coordinators, 150 medical students, and 70 nursing students. Ninety-five percent supported the so-called dead donor rule. What this rule means in practice appeared unclear among the population. More than 60% supported procuring organs from anencephalic and "higher brain-dead" patients, although patients in both groups are not dead by current legal standards. Performance on items relating to so-called non-heart-beating organ donation suggested that 75% of the group do not support non-heart-beating organ donation without assurance that the donors are brain-dead before procurement begins. Given that current recommendations to increase organ donation look to non-heart-beating organ donation rather than to anencephalic patients and those in a persistent vegetative state, these findings suggest that further ethical discussion and analysis are urgently needed.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Physician-assisted suicide and public virtue: a reply to the liberty thesis of "the Philosophers' Brief".

The "Philosophers' Brief," penned by six of today's most influential philosophers, was submitted as an amicus curiae brief to the Supreme Court as it prepared to consider the cases of Washington v. Glucksberg and Vacco v. Quill. It set precedent as the first such brief submitted by a group representing itself solely as moral philosophers. The brief became an overnight gold standard statement of the liberal philosophical understanding of the relationship of the State to so-called 'private morality.' The main thesis of the brief is that physician-assisted suicide regards the deeply personal event of death, and that individuals have a constitutionally guaranteed right to make decisions for themselves about the intimate details of their lives. In this article, James DuBois calls this the 'liberty thesis,' and he argues that the brief's application of this principle is both contradictory and impracticable. The contradiction arises as the brief proposes restrictions on the right to physician-assisted suicide--restrictions that require the State to abandon neutrality on intimate value judgments about life's worth. The impracticability arises insofar as the brief fails to leave room for a compelling State interest in promoting a minimal level of public virtue. Ironically, one of the strongest arguments that can be proffered on behalf of a State interest in preserving a minimal level of public virtue stems from its role in safeguarding human liberty.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Non-heart-beating organ donation. Designing an ethically acceptable protocol.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Brain Death↗