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Biomedical subjects

J M Dupuy

Publications and source records attributed to J M Dupuy.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Thymic epithelial cell transplantation in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Evidence for infection by HIV-I of newly differentiated T cells at the site of transplantation.

From October 1983 to July 1984, 11 adult AIDS patients have received single or repeated thymic grafts. All have had opportunistic infections and 3 also had Kaposi's sarcoma. Thymic tissue from infants undergoing cardiac surgery was cultured to provide a thymocyte- and fibroblast-free epithelial cell inoculum. 18-21 days post-explantation, cells and explants were injected intraperitoneally, intramuscularly or intrahepatically. Transplants were well tolerated in all cases. In 7 cases liver biopsy was performed at the time of grafting and 2 months later. Ten patients have died after a mean survival time following transplantation of 8.7 months while 1 patient was lost to follow up. Clinical improvement and absence of new opportunistic infections were apparent for 4 months following transplantation. Partial immunoreconstitution was evidenced by an increase in peripheral blood lymphocytes (8 of 10 cases) and lymphocyte subsets (7 of 10 cases) as well as by presence of T4 and T8 positive cells in the liver (5 of 7 cases). In 5 of 7 patients, double-staining immunofluorescence showed that HIV-I antigens were present in T4-phenotype cells, at the site of the graft, 2 months after grafting, but were not detected in the liver at the time of grafting. Transient immunoreconstitution, therefore, maybe related to destruction of newly differentiated T lymphocytes.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1979

Genetic study of mouse sensitivity to MHV3 infection: influence of the H-2 complex.

Genetic study of acute and chronic mouse hepatitis virus type 3 disease was carried out in segregating generations of a cross involving a susceptible (C57BL/6) and a resistant (A/J) mouse strain. The data obtained indicate that one or two recessive genes may be involved in resistance of acute and chronic diseases but suggest that the genes involved in both diseases are different. In this cross, no correlation was observed between H-2 and acute or chronic disease. In mice of congenic lines, however, A/Sn (H-2a), A.SW (H-2s), A.BY (H-2b), and A.CA (H-2f), it appeared that the presence of the H-2f allele conferred to heterozygote as well as to homozygote animals the capacity to resist the development of chronic disease. It seems, therefore, that MHV3 sensitivity in mice is under the influence of at least two major genes: one for the acute disease and the other, H-2 linked, for the chronic disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Hepatitis B in children. II. Study of children born to chronic HBsAg carrier mothers.

A survey of 4,452 pregnant women taken to find hepatitis B surface antigen revealed 28 asymptomatic chronic carriers. At birth, 16 of 17 infants studied were negative for HBsAg, whereas anti-HBc was present in all patients at a titer similar to that of the mother. Twelve children were followed for 6 to 18 months. In four of them, HBsAg remained negative and anti-HBc titers progressively decreased and were undetectable when tested after the age of 6 months. In eight infants, HBsAg became positive after an average time of 48 days. Elimination of HBsAg occurred in seven infants; five of them had clinical and biological manifestations of mild hepatitis. Sequential determinations of total complement and C components in three patients of the latter group showed dperession of complement at the time of appearance of clinical manifestations. In the patient who became an HBsAg carrier as well as in three infants who remained HBsAg negative, no decrease in complement titers was observed. These results indicate that vertical transmission from carrier mothers can occur in a low prevalence area and that neonatally infected children are capable of active elimination of HBV.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1978

Hepatitis B in children. I. Analysis of 80 cases of acute and chronic hepatitis B.

From 1971 to 1975, HBV-induced hepatitis was observed in 80 children. The diagnosis was based upon the detection in serum of HBsAg and/or the secondary occurrence of anti-HBs. Thirty-one patients presented with acute viral hepatitis, 16 with severe or fulminant hepatitis, 17 with chronic persistent hepatitis, 12 with chronic active hepatitis, and 4 were asymptomatic chronic carriers of HBsAg. Twenty-nine of 80 children were under one year of age (36%), the peak of frequency occurring from 2 to 5 months. The source of infection, determined in 27 of 29 infants, was administration of blood derivatives in 15 cases and contact with an HBsAg carrier mother in nine instances. In the latter type, the incubation time (103 days) was compartible with an oral route of infection, Persistent antigenemia occurred in only 3 of 29 patients. The overt type of disease developed by most infants, as well as the small number of patients who became HBsAg carriers, suggest that the carrier state, often encountered in neonatally infected infants in other countries, may be related to environmental or genetic factors rather than to immaturity of theimmune system.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

[Photosensitization and DNA repair. Possible nosologic relationship between Xeroderma pigmentosum and Cockayne's syndrome].

UV-sensitivity is a common feature of several diseases including Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), Cockayne syndrome (CS) and Bloom syndrome (BS). In 12 children with such diseases, cell viability and DNA repair following UV-irradiation as well as PHA transformation of lymphocytes were studied. In 5 of 6 XP cases, in 1 child with CS and in 1 of 2 children with BS, DNA repair and PHA transformation of lymphocytes showed extremely depressed values. A similar study was performed in 2 children with a rare association of XP and CS. Results suggest a relationship between these 2 diseases

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1978

[Severe viral hepatitis in childhood: course and prognosis].

In 22 children with severe acute viral hepatitis, the course of the disease followed 3 patterns: 8 children completely yielded (regenerative hepatitis); 8 died during the first three weeks of evolution (aregenerative hepatitis); 8 had a prolonged evolution (hyporegenerative hepatitis). In the latter group, 6 patients died after an average survival time of 55 days and 2 patients rapidly developped a cirrhosis. This type of evolution was characterized by persistence of liver failure manifestations, in spite of liver regeneration, as indicated by increased levels of alpha-foetoprotein and presence of pseudo-acini, giantcells and nodules at histological examination. During the second week of evolution, the size of liver, levels of clotting factors VII +X and alpha-foetoprotein concentrations seem to constitute important prognostic factors.

Child↗
PubMed1977

Neonatal susceptibility to MHV3 infection in mice. I. Transfer of resistance.

Up to 3 weeks of age, mice of the resistant A/J strain are fully susceptible to mouse hepatitis virus type 3 infection (MHV3). Immune deficiency, however, resulting from neonatal thymectomy or long term ALS administration led A/J animals to remain susceptible when tested at adult age. Whole spleen cells transferred from normal adult A/J donor mice protected suckling syngeneic recipients from i.p. infection with MHV3. Such a protective capacity of spleen cells was abolished after treatment with anti-theta serum and complement. Spleen cell separation by means of adherence to plastic also showed that neither the nonadherent nor the adherent populations injected separately were able to confer resistance to young mice challenged with the virus. Protection was not achieved with peritoneal cells originating from adult syngeneic animals. Transfer of resistance to MHV3 was obtained, however, when peritoneal cells were associated with adherent spleen cells. This study indicated that two types of mature cells, at least, were required for transferring MHV3 resistance into newborn mice of the A/J strain: T lymphocytes and an adherent spleen cell population.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Complement studies in severe viral hepatitis of childhood.

Complement (C) and C components were studied in 18 children with severe viral hepatitis. Results were compared to similar determinations performed in 8 patients with toxic hepatitis related to the ingestion of Amanita Phalloïdes. Hemolytic activities and serum concentrations of C and C components were markedly decreased (less than 2 SD) in both groups of patients. Sequential determinations of C components showed different patterns according to the outcome: either a rapid return to normal in patients who healed or persistence of low levels in patients who died. Such a pattern was similar to that of the prothrombin time. In patients with viral hepatitis a rapid disappearance of C4 and C3 was observed following fresh plasma or fresh blood transfusion. In addition, C4 cleavage was shown in plasma of 8/8 patients. These data suggest that the complement depression observed in fulminant viral hepatitis is related to both consumption and deficient synthesis.

Child↗
PubMed1977

[Centrifugal annular erythema of Colcott-Fox type (erythema gyratum perstans)].

The case of a child with Colcott-Fox type of centrifugal annular chronic erythema is reported. It is a sporadic, non-familial form, associated with a bullous eruption, and an atrophic conjonctivitis with trichiasis. A review is made of 11 previously published cases, allowing a synthesis of their essential features. The action played by the slow reactive substances (S. R. S. A.) in the extension of the erythematous margin is discussed. The clinical diagnosis of centrifugal annular erythema is exposed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1976

[Intravascular coagulation and severe hepatic failure in infants].

Diagnostic criteria for disseminated intravascular coagulation occurring in severe liver failure were reviewed by analyzing 11 pediatric cases. In this series, intravascular coagulation was often latent, but became overt following inconsiderate administration of procoagulant concentrates. Exchange-transfusion of infusion of fresh-frozen plasma, with or without addition of heparin, appeared to be the best mode for correcting potential bleeding tendencies.

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMed1975

Severe viral hepatitis type B in infancy;.

Fourteen infants aged from 2 to 5 months were admitted to hospital with acute viral hepatitis. Their clinical presentation ranged from severe disease to fulminant hepatitis. In all patients the prothrombin-time was 10% or less of normal and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and bilirubin were increased. In eight cases liver-biopsy specimens were obtained during liver failure and showed a widespread necrosis without inflammatory cells. Hepatitis-B-surface antigen (HBSAg) and antibody (HBSAb) were sought by several techniques, including passive haemagglutination and radioimmunoassay. Hepatitis was associated with hepatitis-B virus in eleven out of fourteen patients as judged by the detection of HBSAg and/or a secondary rise in HBSAb. In eight cases, the infants had received blood-derivatives in the neonatal period. The mothers of five of the remaining cases were found to be chronic carriers of HBSAg. Despite intensive supportive therapy, including repeated exchange transfusions and administration of anti-HBS gamma-globulins (six cases), eight patients died. These cases demonstrate that severe or fulminant type-B hepatitis can develop in infants, who are capable of completely eliminating the hepatitis-B virus. They also suggest that severe hepatitis can result from maternal contamination.

Alanine Transaminase↗