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Biomedical subjects

J M Elias

Publications and source records attributed to J M Elias.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Performance of constructed wetland system for public water supply.

The project is being conducted in the town of Analândia, São Paulo, Brazil. The constructed wetlands system for water supply consists of a channel with floating aquatic macrophytes, HDS system (Water Decontamination with Soil-Patent PI 850.3030), chlorinating system, filtering system and distribution. The project objectives include investigating the process variables to further optimize design and operation factors, evaluating the relation of nutrients and plants development, biomass production, shoot development, nutrient cycling and total and fecal coliforms removal, comparing the treatment efficiency among the seasons of the year; and moreover to compare the average values obtained between February and June 1998 (Salati et al., 1998) with the average obtained for the same parameters between March and June 2000. Studies have been developed in order to verify during one year the drinking quality of the water for the following parameters: turbidity, color, pH, dissolved oxygen, total of dissolved solids, COD, chloride, among others, according to the Ministry of Health's Regulation 36. This system of water supply projected to treat 15 L s(-1) has been in continuous operation for 2 years, it was implemented with support of the National Environment Fund (FNMA), administered by the Center of Environmental Studies (CEA-UNESP), while the technical supervision and design were performed by the Institute of Applied Ecology. The actual research project is being supported by FAPESP.

Biomass↗
PubMed1997

Cell proliferation indexes: a biomarker in solid tumors.

Clinical studies have shown that carcinogenesis is linked to the development of proliferative abnormalities. Proliferative activity has been found to have prognostic significance in a variety of human tumors. Because proliferative abnormalities can precede the occurrence of morphological abnormalities, their measurement could also serve as useful biomarkers for chemoprevention trials. The variety of techniques for measuring cell proliferation in routine sections include mitosis counting, AgNORs, DNA precursor uptake (bromodeoxyuridine), and immunohistochemical detection of cell cycle proteins (PCNA, Ki-67/MIB-1). It is essential that the virtues and limitations of these methods be examined to ensure collection of meaningful clinical data.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1997

Necrosis in 84 ovarian carcinomas: a morphologic study of primary versus metastatic colonic carcinoma with a selective immunohistochemical analysis of cytokeratin subtypes and carcinoembryonic antigen.

Carcinomas metastatic to the ovary are often difficult to distinguish from primary ovarian carcinomas. Adenocarcinoma of the colon may simulate both primary endometrioid and mucinous ovarian tumors. The histologic finding of "dirty" necrosis in association with a "garland" or cribriform pattern has been suggested as a useful feature in distinguishing metastatic colonic carcinomas from primary endometrioid ovarian carcinomas. This study was performed to determine the use of "dirty" necrosis in distinguishing primary ovarian carcinoma from metastatic colonic carcinoma by studying 71 of the former and 10 of the latter. At least focal dirty necrosis was found in 68% of primary ovarian epithelial cancers, including 92% of the endometrioid subtype, and in 100% of the metastatic colonic carcinomas. A subgroup of cases was evaluated immunohistochemically using cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK 20 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The phenotype of CK 7 +/CK 20-/CEA-was present in 92% of primary ovarian carcinomas studied, whereas, 90% of metastatic colonic carcinomas were CK 7-/CK 20 +/CEA+. The finding of dirty necrosis is not specific for metastatic colonic cancer, and differential cytokeratin immunostaining is a useful adjunct in this differential diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Immunohistochemical detection of sex steroid receptors in breast cancer using routine paraffin sections: comparison with frozen sections and enzyme immunoassay.

Estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR) on 48 surgically removed breast cancers were evaluated by three methods: immunoenzymatic (ER/PR-EIA), immunohistochemical in frozen sections (ER/PR-ICA), and immunohistochemical in paraffin sections (ER/PR-PAR). The monoclonal antibodies H222 and KD68 were used for immunohistochemical detection of ER and PR, respectively. Immunohistochemical stains for pS2, an estrogen-regulated protein, were also done for compatibility with previous ER/PR-PAR studies. We assessed concordance with chi-square and Pearson's correlation coefficient. We concluded that ER/PR-PAR is the least sensitive of the three assays (90.9% ER, 88.5% PR) and, until appropriate technical and clinical validation is achieved, should not be used as a first-line assay. Also, because of this lower sensitivity, we recommended that pS2 evaluation always accompany ER/PR-PAR to facilitate distinction between clinical negatives and those due to irretrievably lost immunoreactivity. We also conclude that ER/PR-ICA is a good semi-quantitative method that, in combination with ER/PR-EIA, most accurately assesses receptor status.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Sensitivity and detection efficiency of the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP), avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC), and peroxidase-labeled avidin-biotin (LAB) methods.

The authors have examined the sensitivity and detection efficiency of the three peroxidase methods that currently have the widest application in diagnostic immunohistochemistry: the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP), the avidin-biotin complex (ABC), and the labeled avidin-biotin (LAB) methods. Sensitivity was evaluated by determining the highest useful dilution of polyclonal antiglucagon antibodies applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human pancreas. Detection efficiency was evaluated by tabulation of the total number of positive (three or more positive cells) islets. On direct comparison, the LAB method exceeded the PAP and ABC methods in both sensitivity and detection efficiency, which were essentially equal. Titration of linking antiserum of the PAP method boosted its sensitivity and detection efficiency above that of ABC; the PAP had equal sensitivity to the LAB and exceeded it in detection efficiency. The authors conclude that comparisons of immunohistologic methods are meaningful only if both sensitivity and efficiency are considered along with the unique requirements of any single method.

Avidin↗
PubMed1989

Quality control in immunohistochemistry. Report of a workshop sponsored by the Biological Stain Commission.

Although immunohistochemical methods are increasingly applied in diagnostic histopathology, there has been little standardization or quality control of immunoreagents; and published reports have not standardized Material and Methods for meaningful comparisons of results among clinicians. The Biological Stain Commission-sponsored workshop was convened to address the following issues: a manufacturers' testing program for probity of commercial antibodies, development of a manual for performance criteria and quality control assurance procedures, standardization of package inserts, standardization of information provided in the Materials and Methods sections of publications, establishment of a reagent and procedure clearing house, study of the effects of different fixation regimes on tissue antigens, and investigation of the environmental conditions needed for antigen-antibody interaction. The recommendations of the ad hoc committee and their implications for the future are discussed.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1988

Leukemia derived from intermediately differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma.

The availability of monoclonal antibodies has facilitated the immunophenotypic characterization of malignant lymphocytes from patients with lymphoma and leukemia. The chronic lymphocytic leukemias are diseases of both clinical and morphological diversity and the application of monoclonal antibodies can prove helpful in their classification. Enzyme cytochemistry, surface markers, mouse rosetting, and electron microscopy were used to determine the phenotype of cells from an atypical case of B-CLL. The use of monoclonals Leu-1, CALLA and BA-2 on bone marrow and peripheral blood provided the opportunity to diagnose this patient's disease as intermediately differentiated lymphoma. Leu-1 was found to be a useful alternative to mouse rosetting, a technique not easily performed in a routine setting. Ultrastructural studies helped to prove the prolymphocytic component of this patient's disease. It was concluded that phenotypic characterization of lymphoid cells using monoclonal antibodies directed against membrane antigens facilitated the assessment of this patient's disease.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1988

Cytochemistry and immunocytochemistry in bone marrow examination: contemporary techniques for the diagnosis of acute leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. A combined approach.

Although the cytologic type of acute leukemia can often be suspected on the basis of conventional panoptically stained specimens, it is important to document as precisely as possible the type of leukemia before the institution of specific treatment. At the present time, this documentation can usually be achieved with cytochemical stains that demonstrate enzymes and/or metabolites of diagnostic value. Additional immunocytochemical stains can often identify cells of ambiguous origin on the basis of cell-specific properties such as antigens. Immunophenotyping has proven to be of considerable value in the diagnosis and classification of ALL. At present, the practicality of surface antigen phenotyping in ANLL remains to be documented. The identification of hybrid leukemia is clearly facilitated with immunologic markers. Present criteria for the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome do not include immunophenotyping. By use of a combination of morphologic criteria, traditional cytochemical stains, and immunocytochemical techniques, it is possible to establish the cell of origin in the large majority of cases of acute leukemia. Those rare cases in which the usual patterns of reactivity do not occur provide additional stimuli to develop new cytochemical and immunologic methods that will help to establish the origin of the leukemic blast.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1985

Guinea pig T lymphocyte development analyzed by enzyme histocytochemistry, monoclonal antibodies, and flow cytometry.

Studies of T (thymus-derived) lymphocyte ontogeny in the guinea pig have been hampered by the lack of suitable antigenic or other markers for various T cell subpopulations in this species. Monoclonal antibodies that recognize three distinct surface proteins of guinea pig T cells and react with all peripheral T cells have been used in combination with membrane alkaline phosphatase (AP) to characterize stages of guinea pig T cell development and to determine anatomical localization of different T cell subpopulations. Flow cytofluorographic analysis of thymus, spleen, and lymph node lymphocytes was used to characterize monoclonal antibody specificity. Cortical thymocytes in tissue sections expressed membrane AP activity and contained nuclear terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase; medullary thymocytes reacted strongly with one of the monoclonal antibodies (8BE6), minimally with a second (5CD2), and not at all with a third (11AE3). In contrast, polyclonal rabbit antiguinea pig T cell antiserum reacted with both cortical and medullary thymocytes. Staining of tissue sections of lymph node and spleen revealed AP+ lymphocytes to be present peripheral to the mantle region of lymph node follicles and to be randomly scattered throughout the splenic red pulp. T cells reactive with monoclonal antibodies were located primarily in paracortical regions of lymph node and the central region around the periarteriolar regions of the spleen. Dual staining of frozen sections and cell suspension of guinea pig lymphoid tissues for AP activity and surface proteins unique to T cells showed that AP+ cells lacked T cell markers. Dual staining for AP activity and surface immunoglobulins or esterase activity showed that AP+ cells are not likely to be derived from either B cell or monocyte-macrophage lineages. AP+ cells in guinea pig secondary lymphoid tissue may represent a unique subset of lymphocytes of unknown function.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Soft tissue T cell lymphoma of the forearm: a case report.

A patient with a soft tissue T cell lymphoma with symptoms of de Quervain's tenosynovitis and a forearm mass in the area of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis is described. Previously excised soft tissue masses from other locations had presented a diagnostic dilemma in this patient. This report clarifies the histopathology of soft tissue T cell lymphomas of the extremities. After surgical debulking and local radiotherapy, there has been no evidence of recurrence at 1 year.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Malignant lymphoma of skin associated with postmastectomy lymphedema.

Malignant lymphoma developed in the dorsum of the hand in a patient with a long-standing postmastectomy lymphedema. The tumor subsequently spread to involve skin of the forearm and arm. Growth and spread of malignant cells within the stagnant dilated lymphatics are the likely cause of the characteristic nodular dissemination of the tumor in a lymphedematous extremity, regardless of the type of neoplasm.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Histologic studies of chronic idiopathic urticaria.

Skin biopsy specimens were obtained from 43 consecutive patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria and from seven normal controls. Of 43 patients, 42 had a non-necrotizing perivascular infiltrate composed primarily of mononuclear cells. There was no evidence of damage to vessel walls, of nuclear debris, or of extravasation of red blood cells, and most cells were seen around vessels rather than within the vessel wall. One patient had vasculitis with a neutrophilic infiltrate, nuclear debris, and positive immunofluorescence. Quantitative cell counts revealed four times the number of mononuclear cells and 10 times the number of mast cells in urticaria biopsy sites vs normal skin. Thus chronic urticaria is characterized by an accumulation of mononuclear cells and mast cells with mast cell degranulation presumably associated with hive formation. In our series, the characteristic lesion is not vasculitic. The stimulus responsible for the infiltration of skin with these cells is unknown.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The detection of serotonin and gastrin in gastric carcinoma.

It is believed that the immature precursor cells of gastric mucosa have multidirectional potency of differentiation and these cells can differentiate into both endocrine and nonendocrine tumor cells. Fifteen cases of surgically resected stomach with gastric nonendocrine carcinoma were studied by the three-layer immunoperoxidase method. Serotonin was found in five cases, gastrin in one case, and both serotonin and gastrin in three cases. Serotonin also was detected in the noncancerous mucosa in thirteen cases: ten showing positive cells in the antrum and seven in the body. Gastrin was found in the noncancerous mucosa in 13 cases: eight in the antrum, five in the body. In four cases, a few serotonin positive cells were found in glands showing intestinal metaplasia. No correlation was found between the endocrine tumor cells and the types of carcinoma. Because endocrine cells can be detected in general types of gastric carcinoma, these findings suggest that the different kinds of cancer cells (endocrine and nonendocrine) may have a common origin.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatocellular carcinoma in the People's Republic of China.

Eighteen cases of heptocellular carcinoma from the People's Republic of China were investigated for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and tumor cells. The Sternberger-PAP immunoperoxidase technique utilizing monospecific antibody to HBsAg and a modified orcein method demonstrated cytoplasmic HBsAg in hepatocytes of 15 cases (83.3%) and tumor cells of 3 cases (16.7%). Thirteen of these cases were also investigated for HBs antigenemia and of these 11 were positive (84.6%). These hepatomas were often associated with macronodular cirrhosis and/or a persistent inflammatory process in the hepatic parenchyma. The high association of HBsAg and hepatoma indicates that the hepatitis B virus plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this malignancy in China. It is concluded that a major public health effort to eradicate endemic hepatitis B infection is the most reasonable way to decrease the incidence of this cancer, which is common in China.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A rapid, sensitive myeloperoxidase stain using 4-chloro-1-naphthol.

The substitution of 4-chloro-1-naphthol for benzidine-containing compounds used in the myeloperoxidase stain for distinguishing granulocytes from lymphoid blood elements is described. 4-Chloro-1-naphthol is an acceptable substitute for benzidine compounds, which are considered to be carcinogenic. The feasibility of using this method on peripheral blood and bone-marrow films is discussed.

Granulocytes↗