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Biomedical subjects

J M Golding

Publications and source records attributed to J M Golding.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Psychiatric disorder in male veterans and nonveterans.

Prevalences of Diagnostic Interview Schedule/DSM-III psychiatric disorders for male veterans and nonveterans from four war eras were estimated using data from over 7500 male community respondents interviewed by the Epidemiologic Catchment Area program at five geographic areas across the country. Veterans serving after Vietnam (Post-Vietnam era) had greater lifetime and 6-month prevalences of psychiatric disorder than their nonveteran counterparts, whereas the reverse tended to be the case for the Vietnam, Korean, and World War II war eras. Comparisons across war eras revealed a trend for more psychiatric disorder, especially substance abuse, in younger veterans and nonveterans than in older respondents.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Symptoms of major depression among Mexican-Americans and non-Hispanic whites.

The lifetime prevalence of symptoms of a major depressive episode was estimated in two large samples of randomly selected community residents that included many Mexican-Americans. Approximately 5% to 40% of the subjects reported each symptom cluster. The rates for Mexican-Americans born in the United States resembled those for non-Hispanic whites born in the United States; however, the rates for Mexican-Americans born in Mexico were lower in eight of nine symptoms clusters. Language differences did not account for this pattern. Cultural similarity to non-Hispanic whites born in the United States was associated with a higher rate of depressive symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Alcohol use and depressive symptoms among Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic Whites.

Alcohol use is associated with depressive symptoms in several studies. Using data from a community survey, this study examined whether this relationship (a) can be accounted for by ethnic or sociodemographic differences among persons who engage in various levels of alcohol use; and (b) differs for Mexican Americans (N = 1244) and non-Hispanic Whites (N = 1149). Using large quantities of alcohol, and, among men, daily drinking, were associated with depressed mood. These associations were similar for Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic Whites, and associations of quantity and frequency with depression were independent of each other. Among women, the cultural and demographic characteristics of high-quantity drinkers and abstainers (both of whom tended to be Mexican Americans) accounted for the association of alcohol use with depression. Among men, there was some suggestion that unemployment and unmarried status mediated the association of alcohol quantity with depression. People who drank greater quantities of alcohol per occasion reported more somatic depressive symptoms, and more frequent male drinkers reported more of most types of depressive symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Affective, substance use, and anxiety disorders in persons with arthritis, diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, or chronic lung conditions.

The authors estimated the sex- and age-adjusted prevalence of affective, substance use, and anxiety disorders in persons in a general population sample who identified themselves as having arthritis, diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, chronic lung disease, or no chronic medical conditions. Persons who reported ever having arthritis, heart disease, chronic lung disease, or high blood pressure had a significantly increased adjusted prevalence of each of the three groups of lifetime psychiatric disorders, relative to a no-chronic conditions comparison group (each p less than 0.05). Persons who ever had diabetes had an increased adjusted prevalence of lifetime affective and anxiety but not substance use disorder. Persons with current (i.e., active) arthritis, heart disease, or high blood pressure had a significantly increased adjusted prevalence of recent (6-month) anxiety disorder, whereas those with current chronic lung disease had an increased adjusted prevalence of recent affective and substance use but not anxiety disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Anxiety disorders among Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites in Los Angeles.

This report from the Los Angeles site of the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area study reveals significant ethnic and national origin differences in lifetime prevalence rates for three out of six specific, DSM-III-defined anxiety disorders. In the case of simple phobia, United States-born Mexican Americans report higher rates than native non-Hispanic whites or immigrant Mexican Americans, the latter two groups having similar rates. Mexican Americans born in the United States had higher rates of agoraphobia than immigrant Mexican Americans, and non-Hispanic whites reported higher lifetime rates of generalized anxiety disorder compared with both immigrant and native Mexican Americans. Neither ethnic nor national origin differences in lifetime prevalence rates were found for panic disorder, social phobia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Selective migration is postulated as a potential factor influencing prevalence differences between native and immigrant Mexican Americans.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1989

Chronic medical conditions in a sample of the general population with anxiety, affective, and substance use disorders.

The authors studied the prevalence of eight chronic medical conditions in an adult population sample (N = 2,554) with and without psychiatric disorders. Adjusted for age and sex, the prevalence of any lifetime chronic medical condition for persons with any lifetime affective, anxiety, or substance use disorder was 61.4%, 57.1%, and 57.7%, respectively. Each of these percentages was significantly higher than that for persons with no lifetime psychiatric disorder (53.4%). Both lifetime affective and anxiety disorders were uniquely associated with a greater prevalence of any lifetime chronic medical condition, but the only psychiatric disorders uniquely associated with current (i.e., active) chronic medical conditions were anxiety disorders, suggesting that the association between anxiety disorders and chronic medical conditions develops more quickly than associations between medical conditions and other psychiatric disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Resistance to sexual assault: who resists and what happens?

To determine who resists sexual assault and what happens, data were examined from a probability sample of 3,132 adult community residents of Los Angeles, California. Seventy-five per cent of the respondents reporting an assault (n = 365) indicated that they had attempted to resist their most recent assault; talking was the most frequently used resistance strategy. The strongest predictor to emerge in the multivariate analyses of resistance was timing of assault: respondents assaulted only in childhood were less likely to resist than either respondents assaulted only in adulthood, or respondents assaulted in both phases. Univariate analyses indicated that resistance reduced the probability of sexual contact, however multivariate analyses suggested that assailant use of force was the most important determinant of assault outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Mood profiles of Masters track and field athletes.

In several studies attributing positive health benefits to running, the benefits include reduced depression, fatigue, anger, and increased vigor. Until now, little research has focused on Masters track and field athletes. The present study reports on 587 men and women Masters who participated in a mailed survey measuring mood states using the Profile of Mood States. In comparison to other groups of athletes, these Masters tend to be less depressed, less angry, and less fatigued. Attribution to lifestyle and maturity with their sport is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Acculturation and the probability of use of health services by Mexican Americans.

How does level of acculturation affect the probability that Mexican Americans use general health, mental health, and human social services? We studied this question using data from a general population sample of Mexican Americans (N = 1,055). Data were elicited in face-to-face interviews. After controlling for sociodemographic and economic factors, health status, and insurance coverage, Mexican Americans who were less acculturated had significantly lower probabilities of an outpatient medical visit for physical health problems and of a visit to a mental health specialist or human service provider for emotional problems. The less acculturated with good perceived general health were especially unlikely to receive outpatient medical care. Having Medicaid coverage was associated with a larger increase in the probability of an inpatient medical admission for the more acculturated than for the less acculturated. Other individual characteristics had generally similar effects on use of medical and mental health services for both the more and the less acculturated Mexican Americans.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1988

The epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder in five US communities.

The prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder was measured in five US communities among more than 18,500 persons in residential settings as part of the National Institute of Mental Health (Bethesda, Md)--sponsored Epidemiologic Catchment Area program. Lifetime prevalence rates ranged from 1.9% to 3.3% across the five Epidemiologic Catchment Area sites for obsessive-compulsive disorder diagnosed without DSM-III exclusions and 1.2% to 2.4% with such exclusions. These rates are about 25 to 60 times greater than had been estimated on the basis of previous studies of clinical populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Feasibility of validating survey self-reports of mental health service use.

Survey respondents may inaccurately report mental health service utilization for motivational and cognitive reasons. There is little evidence on accuracy of self-reports of mental health service use, and this evidence suggests that respondents tend to underreport inpatient utilization. This study addressed the question of self-report accuracy by comparing survey data from a large probability sample to data from computerized records of publicly funded mental health services. Few inaccuracies in self-reporting were detected. However, despite the use of data bases that were unusually appropriate for verifying self-reports, several problems limited the feasibility of validation. Suggestions are offered for increasing the feasibility of validation in future studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Sexual assault history and use of health and mental health services.

A history of sexual assault may be associated with increased current use of mental health and medical services because of the psychologically and physically disruptive consequences of assault. To test this hypothesis, we estimated rates of mental health and medical services use among 2560 randomly selected community residents, 343 of whom had been sexually assaulted. Sexual assault was associated with seeking both forms of care. Controls for demographic variables, psychiatric diagnosis, health status, and insurance suggested that assault increases use indirectly, through poor mental and physical health. Uninsured, assaulted respondents were especially likely to consult medical providers. Respondents assaulted during childhood were particularly likely to seek mental health care. Assault was more common among mental health service users than nonusers, and among women using medical services compared to female nonpatients. The high prevalence of assault among service users underscores the need for providers to recognize and treat sexual assault-related problems.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Factors affecting the probability of use of general and medical health and social/community services for Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites.

Are individual characteristics associated with use of general and mental health and human service sectors similar for Mexican Americans (MAs) and non-Hispanic whites (NHWs)? We addressed this question using data from the Los Angeles site of the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program. A random sample of the general population of two mental health catchment areas was interviewed in 1983-1984. With four exceptions, individual variation in sociodemographic factors, insurance coverage, and health status had similar effects on the probability of use of the general and mental health and human service sector for both NHWs and MAs. Recent psychiatric disorder was associated with greater use of general medical providers for mental health care for both NHWs and MAs, but significantly more so for NHWs. Female NHWs were more likely to use the human service sector (e.g., social service agencies) than male NHWs, but gender had no effect on this type of use for MAs. Higher job status was associated with greater use of outpatient general medical services, but significantly more so for NHWs than MAs. By contrast, having private health insurance was associated with a greater increase in use of outpatient general medical services for MAs than for NHWs.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Suicide ideation and attempts in Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites: demographic and psychiatric disorder issues.

This study examined the lifetime prevalence of suicide ideation and attempts in a community sample of 1,425 Hispanics and 1,309 non-Hispanic whites. The relationship between psychiatric disorder (as assessed by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, or DIS) and suicide ideation and attempts was also examined. Fewer Hispanics reported suicide ideation (8.8% vs. 18.9%; p less than .001) and suicide attempts (3.2% vs. 5.1%; p less than .001) than non-Hispanic whites. More women of both ethnic groups reported suicide attempts than men of either ethnic group (p less than .001). Disrupted marital bonds were typically associated with higher rates of ideation and attempts. Individuals with any DIS diagnosis were more than four times as likely to think about killing themselves (p less than .01) and more than seven times as likely to attempt suicide (p less than .01) as those without a psychiatric disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Prevalence of suicide attempts in a Mexican-American population: prevention implications of immigration and cultural issues.

Self-reported suicide ideation and suicide attempts were examined among 2,393 Mexican-Americans (706 born in Mexico, 538 born in the United States) and non-Hispanic whites (1,149 born in the United States). Mexican-Americans born in Mexico reported significantly lower age- and gender-adjusted lifetime rates of suicide thoughts (4.5%, 2.7-6.3%) than Mexican-Americans born in the United States (13.0%, 10.0-15.9%), who reported significantly lower rates than non-Hispanic whites born in the United States (19.2%, 17.4-21.0%). Adjusted rates of suicide attempt were lowest among Mexican-Americans born in Mexico (1.6%, 0.6-2.6%) and higher among both Mexican-Americans (4.8%, 2.4-7.2%) and non-Hispanic whites (4.4%, 3.4-5.4%) born in the United States. Rates were not affected by degree of acculturation when immigration status was controlled. High schools and the Catholic church are suggested as sites for programs designed to prevent suicide and suicide attempts among Mexican-Americans.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1988

Psychiatric disorder and limitations in physical functioning in a sample of the Los Angeles general population.

The authors examined relationships between psychiatric disorder and perceived general health and physical functioning from data obtained from interviews with 2,554 non-Hispanic whites and Mexican-Americans in Los Angeles. Persons with recent psychiatric disorders perceived their general health as poorer and had more limitations in physical functioning than persons without such disorders, even when the analyses controlled for chronic medical conditions and demographic factors. Affective and anxiety disorders were independently associated with both acute and chronic limitations in physical functioning. The associations of recent psychiatric disorder and of chronic medical condition with acute activity restrictions were similar in magnitude.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1988

Psychiatric disorder in a sample of the general population with and without chronic medical conditions.

The authors studied data on psychiatric disorders and eight chronic medical conditions in a community sample of 2,554 persons. The sex- and age-adjusted prevalence of any psychiatric disorder in the preceding 6 months was 24.7% and of lifetime psychiatric disorder was 42.2% among persons with one or more medical conditions, compared to 17.5% and 33.0%, respectively, for persons with no medical condition. Persons with chronic medical conditions were more likely to have lifetime substance use disorders and recent affective and anxiety disorders. Arthritis, cancer, lung disease, neurological disorder, heart disease, and physical handicap were strongly associated with psychiatric disorders, but hypertension and diabetes were not.

Adult↗