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Biomedical subjects

J M Grainger

Publications and source records attributed to J M Grainger.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Actinomyces marimammalium sp. nov., from marine mammals.

Three strains of a previously undescribed Actinomyces-like bacterium were isolated from samples taken from two dead seals and a porpoise. Biochemical testing and PAGE analysis of whole-cell proteins indicated the strains were phenotypically similar to each other but different from previously described Actinomyces and Arcanobacterium species. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed the organisms from marine animals were genetically closely related and represent a hitherto unknown subline within the genus Actinomyces (sequence divergence values > 6% with recognized species). Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence it is proposed that the unknown bacterium from the seals and a porpoise should be classified as Actinomyces marimammalium sp. nov. The type strain is CCUG 41710T.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed2000

Vagococcus fessus sp. nov., isolated from a seal and a harbour porpoise.

A polyphasic taxonomic study was performed on two strains of an unknown Gram-positive, catalase-negative, coccus-shaped bacterium isolated from a dead seal and a harbour porpoise. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrated that the unknown bacterium represents a new subline within the genus Vagococcus close to, but distinct from, Vagococcus fluvialis, Vagococcus lutrae and Vagococcus salmoninarum. The unknown bacterium was readily distinguished from the three currently recognized Vagococcus species by biochemical tests and electrophoretic analysis of whole-cell proteins. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium be classified as a new species, Vagococcus fessus. The type strain of Vagococcus fessus is CCUG 41755T.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Characterization of Actinomyces isolates from samples from the human urogenital tract: description of Actinomyces urogenitalis sp. nov.

Three strains of a previously undescribed Actinomyces-like bacterium were isolated from human clinical sources (urine, urethra and vaginal secretion). Biochemical testing and PAGE analysis of whole-cell proteins indicated that the strains were phenotypically homogeneous and distinct from previously described Actinomyces and Arcanobacterium species. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed the bacterium to be a hitherto unknown subline within a group of Actinomyces species which includes Actinomyces bovis, the type species of the genus. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence it is proposed that the unknown bacterium from humans be classified as Actinomyces urogenitalis sp. nov. The type strain of Actinomyces urogenitalis is CCUG 38702T (= CIP 106421T).

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1988

Detection of abnormal cervical smears. A comparative study.

The inefficiency of the Ayres Spatula in detecting abnormality in cervical cytology has been demonstrated recently in a number of trials. In a randomized single-blind trial we have compared the Multispatula with the Ayres Spatula in a group of 158 women who previously had abnormal smears and had been referred to colposcopy clinics in the Lewisham and North Southwark Health Authority of London. The quality of the smears, as assessed by the presence or absence of endocervical cells, revealed that the Multispatula (87.3% pick-up) produced significantly better smears (p less than 0.005) compared with the Ayres Spatula (54.4% pick-up). In 149 smears collected with the Multispatula, atypia was confirmed. However, in only 129 smears taken with the Ayres Spatula were abnormal smears detected (p decreases less than 0.005). We concluded that the Multispatula produces a better quality smear which results in a decreased false negative rate in comparison with the Ayres Spatula.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1986

Fine needle aspiration biopsy of neck lumps in a district hospital.

This paper examines the results of 117 fine needle aspiration biopsies performed on head and neck lumps over the first 3 years of its use in a district general hospital. The cytological diagnosis has corresponded exactly with the histological diagnosis in 51% of cases and the concurrence rate has been 84%. Fifty-seven (49%) of the 117 masses proved to be malignant and 79% of these were correctly diagnosed by needle biopsy. A further 12% of the aspirations were highly suspicious of malignancy. There were no false positive aspirations (specificity 100%) and 4 false negative results (sensitivity 93%). No complications were encountered.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1978

Cross contamination of cytological smears, with automated staining machines and bulk manual staining procedures. With a specific study of the problems of the Cytotek and the Shandon Elliott staining machines.

Further development of an individual staining machine is to be strongly encouraged but meanwhile, using bulk stainers, frequent changing of wash fluids and staining solutions, particularly leading up to and following the haematoxylin pot, is essential to reduce the risk of cross contamination. Certain smears, such as from semen or from serous fluids where malignancy is suspected or known, must be stained on separate racks. In some laboratories it is the rule not to stain semen or serous fluids in bulk staining machines at all and this may have to become the rule everywhere until we are provided with safe individual slide stainers.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Use of a mucolytic agent (Cytoclair) in the preparation of cell material for the detection of malignant cells in sputum.

A mucolytic agent, methyl cysteine HC1 (Cytoclair), has been used to obtain a centrifuged cell deposit for the detection of malignant cells in sputum. In 178 sputum samples from 52 patients with primary lung cancer there was a slightly higher rate of detection with the mucolytic method than with the routine method: 54 positives from 27 patients compared with 48 positives from 24 patients. Morphological studies using the mucolytic agent indicated that a millipore filter with fixation of cells in suspension produces a satisfactory cell preparation and is valuable in certain problem cases.

Cysteine↗
PubMed1970

A case of the Dubin-Johnson syndrome complicated by acute hepatitis.

A patient is described in whom the Dubin-Johnson syndrome was diagnosed after an attack of acute hepatitis at the age of 21. In the eight years following the hepatitis Dubin-Johnson pigment, initially scanty, developed to classical proportions. The defect in intracellular transport of bilirubin was thought to precede the attack of acute hepatitis.

Acute Disease↗