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Biomedical subjects

J M Griño

Publications and source records attributed to J M Griño.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Effect of different preservation solutions on adenine nucleotide content and metabolism in human kidney transplantation.

Differences in purine metabolism produced by three preservation solutions were studied by determining the adenine nucleotide (ATP, ADP, AMP, and IMP) and nucleoside (adenosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine) levels in human kidney cortical biopsies. Forty kidney allografts were studied using University of Wisconsin (UW) solution (n = 20), Euro-Collins (EC) solution (n = 12), and modified EC solution with mannitol (M; n = 8). No significant differences were found between the three solutions studied with regard to ATP, ADP, or AMP changes. The mean ATP level (nmol/mg prot +/- SEM) at the end of preservation in the UW group was 2.7 +/- 0.3 nmol/mg, in the EC group 3.8 +/- 0.7 nmol/mg, and in the M group 2.3 +/- 0.4 nmol/mg. ATP 30 min after reperfusion in the UW, EC, and M groups was 5.7 +/- 0.8 nmol/mg, 6.4 +/- 1.0 nmol/mg, and 4.6 +/- 0.5 nmol/mg, respectively. However, an important difference appeared in the catabolic products determined. Kidneys perfused with UW solution had a significantly higher level of adenosine (2.6 +/- 0.6 nmol/mg), inosine (11.8 +/- 2.2 nmol/mg), and hypoxanthine (18.1 +/- 2.1 nmol/mg) at the end of cold storage than those perfused with EC (0.4 +/- 0.1 nmol/mg, 2.0 +/- 0.8 nmol/mg, and 7.1 +/- 1.4 nmol/mg) and M solutions (0.2 +/- 0.05 nmol/mg, 0.5 +/- 0.1 nmol/mg, and 5.2 +/- 0.6 nmol/mg; P < 0.05). These levels returned to initial values 30 min postreperfusion and there were no differences with the EC or M solution groups at that time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1994

Renal protective effect of liposomed superoxide dismutase in an experimental warm ischemia model.

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a potent scavenger of superoxide radicals produced during normothermic ischemia-reperfusion. Since it has a short half-life, its optimal effect is achieved when it is given prior to reperfusion. The inclusion of SOD in liposomes (lipo-SOD) prolongs its half-life (free SOD: 6 min; lipo-SOD: 4 h). The protective effect of lipo-SOD in a 60-min bilateral renal warm ischemia model was studied. We divided 60 male Wistar rats between two control groups and five study groups according to the drug used (SOD or lipo-SOD) and to the time of SOD administration (prior to ischemia or prior to reperfusion). SOD and lipo-SOD were both given at 20 mg/kg endovenously. Weight, diuresis, creatinine per 100 g (Cr/100 g), and creatinine clearance per 100 g (CrCl/100 g) were studied. Conventional renal histology was performed after reperfusion and on day 7. Renal malondialdehyde, 6 keto PGF 1 alpha, and TxB2 tissue levels were studied after reperfusion. Results showed that the renal protective effect of free SOD on warm ischemic-reperfusion injury depended on the time of administration, being more effective when given before reperfusion. On the other hand, the renal protective effect of liposomed SOD did not depend on the time of administration since efficacy was similar when given before reperfusion or before ischemia. The functional protective effect of liposomed SOD was similar to that of free SOD when they were given prior to reperfusion. Nevertheless, since histological damage observed with liposomed SOD was less than with free SOD, it is suggested that the liposomed galenic form may offer better protection against renal warm ischemia. In addition, liposomed SOD was better at preventing tissue prostanoid generation after renal warm ischemic-reperfusion injury than free SOD. We concluded that liposomed SOD shows a higher renal protective effect against warm ischemia than free SOD.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1993

Protective effect of the PAF antagonist BN 52021 in an experimental renal warm ischemia model.

Platelet activating factor is involved in warm ischemic damage. We studied the effect of the PAF receptor antagonist BN 52021 in an experimental model of 60 min of renal warm ischemia in which the left kidney was flushed with Euro-Collins solution and a right nephrectomy was performed. Eighty Wistar rats were divided into a sham-operated group, two control groups, and four study groups, according to the dosage and route of BN 52021 administration. BN 52021 was used in the flush solution at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/ml, or intravenously prior to ischemia at 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight. Creatinine clearance per 100 g body weight, fractional sodium excretion, and conventional histology were studied. Rats that received BN 52021 intravenously showed a significantly higher creatinine clearance than controls. Intravenous BN 52021 produced a higher acceleration of renal function recovery at 10 mg/kg than at 5 mg/kg body weight. Conventional histology was better in animals that received BN 52021 at 10 mg/kg body weight than in controls. Addition of BN 52021 to Euro-Collins flushing solution showed no protective effect. We conclude that intravenous BN 52021 shows a renal protective effect against warm ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Relationship between donor renal interstitial surface and post-transplant function.

Forty-three biopsies were performed between 30 and 60 min after reperfusion. Patients (22 males/21 females, mean age 41 +/- 12 years, mean donor age 32 +/- 14 years) were treated either with antilymphocytic globulin, cyclosporin, and prednisolone (24 cases), or OKT3, cyclosporin, and prednisolone (19 cases). Ten patients had delayed post-transplant renal function (DPRF), defined as haemodialysis requirements after surgery, and seven patients had acute rejection 11 +/- 16 days post-transplant. Kidneys were perfused with a hypertonic solution containing mannitol. All patients were followed up for at least 30 months. During follow-up, five patients lost their grafts due chronic rejection, two patients due to noncompliance and one due to recurrence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. One patient died from heart infarction. Biopsies were stained with H&E, Masson's trichrome, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and silver methenamine. Interstitial fibrosis, interstitial oedema, tubular vacuolization, and peritubular capillary oedema were measured using a semiquantitative scale. Five 400 x magnification micrographs of cortical interstitium from silver-methenamine-stained sections were used to measure percentage of interstitial surface with a morphometer. Interstitial surface was 18.7 +/- 6.2% (range 3.2-35.3%). A positive correlation was found between interstitial surface and donor age (r = 0.469, P = 0.0015). No relationship was found between warm and cold ischaemia times and tubular vacuolization or peritubular capillary oedema.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Cyclosporin A (CsA) and azathioprine (AZA) combination in renal allografts with CsA nephrotoxicity.

Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a potent immunosuppressive drug whose effect is well known in the organ transplantation field. Treatment with CsA reduces the incidence of rejection and improves graft survival after renal transplantation (RT). However, to set against the clear advantages of CsA, a most important problem is nephrotoxicity. Scientists are therefore seeking new non-nephrotoxic Cs derivatives, but the search has not yet borne fruit. Teams working in organ transplantation attempt to avoid nephrotoxicity by switching to conventional treatment with azathioprine (AZA), starting 1, 3 or 6 months after transplantation. Conversion from CsA to AZA has not always been successful due to the high incidence of rejection. AZA has also been started immediately after transplantation in combination with CsA at low doses, and in some instances no CsA is administered when oliguric acute tubular necrosis is present. In a previous report, we presented the short-term results of the treatment with a CsA-AZA combination, reducing the CsA dose and giving a moderate dose of AZA in 21 transplanted patients not achieving acceptable graft function. In the present study we analysed the long-term results in a group of patients whose kidney biopsy examination results were compatible with CsA nephrotoxicity.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Antilymphoblast globulin, cyclosporine, and steroids in cadaveric renal transplantation.

In order to avoid cyclosporine (CsA) nephrotoxicity and rejection, especially during the early posttransplant periods, different immunosuppression regimens have been adopted. A prospective trial was conducted to evaluate the benefits of initially low CsA doses associated with antilymphoblast globulin and steroids in the first days after transplant, in comparison with higher doses of CsA and steroids. Between 1/86 and 1/88, two groups of first-cadaver renal transplant recipients were documented based on the immunosuppression regimen used. In group A (n = 50), oral CsA was started at 8 mg/kg/day and subsequent doses adjusted to maintain CsA whole-blood levels between 300 and 600 ng/ml. Horse ALG at 10 mg/kg was given the day after transplant and on alternate days to a maximum of 6 doses. After 3 doses, ALG was stopped if CsA blood levels were equal to or greater than 400 ng/ml. ALG dosage modifications were made in order to maintain peripheral CD3+ cells between 10 and 20%. Prednisone was given at 0.25 mg/kg/day. In group B (n = 50), oral CsA was started at 15 mg/kg/day. The CsA whole-blood levels were maintained between 300 and 800 ng/ml. Prednisone was administered at 0.5 mg/kg/day. The incidence of postransplant renal failure was the same in both groups (16%), but the duration of oliguria was lower in group A than in group B (3.3 +/- 2 vs. 16.2 +/- 10.7 days, P less than 0.05), as well as the incidence of acute rejection during the first 3 months (18% vs. 40%, P = 0.01. The cumulative doses of CsA and steroids were significantly lower in group A than in group B. Mean serum creatinine at 6 and 12 months remained similar in both groups. There was no difference between the 2 groups in the incidence of infection. There was no mortality in either group. The actuarial graft survival was significantly higher in group A than in group B at one (100% vs. 94%), two (97% vs. 87%), and three years (89% vs. 73%), respectively (P = 0.041). In summary, the triple regimen using simultaneously low-dose CsA, ALG, and steroids minimizes early graft dysfunction, provides efficient immunosuppression without severe infections, and gives good long-term patient and graft survival.

Adult↗