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Biomedical subjects

J M Hall

Publications and source records attributed to J M Hall.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of ERBB2 oncogene by capillary electrophoresis.

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) with a sieving buffer containing ethidium bromide was applied to the detection of PCR-amplified RFLP samples. With CE, in contrast to agarose gel electrophoresis, run times are short, i.e., typically less than 30 min, the capillary can be re-used, and full automation is feasible. The addition of ethidium bromide to the buffer system in conjunction with a field amplification injection technique led to increased sample detectability and resolution. Migration time precision was better than 0.2% RSD with a approximately 12-bp resolution for the DNA fragment sizes of interest. RFLP samples were analyzed for homo- or heterozygosity based on the presence of 500- and/or 520-bp DNA fragments. Special software was used to correct for run-to-run migration time variations, thus facilitating genotype assignment.

DNA↗
PubMed1992

Developing the construct of role integration: a narrative analysis of women clerical workers' daily lives.

There is a gap in nurses' knowledge about how women integrate their multiple roles on a daily basis amidst the economic, social, political, and cultural contingencies of their environments. Quantitative results from a triangulated study of work, maternal, and spousal role experiences of 87 women clerical workers from five ethnic/racial groups indicated that role integration was important in predicting health outcomes. This prior work is extended in this article with an indepth secondary analysis of the qualitative interview data from the same study to develop a theoretical understanding of the construct of role integration. Using techniques of narrative analysis, a theoretical framework was derived to identify and relate aspects, processes, and patterns of role integration as they are experienced in women's everyday lives. Concepts are identified, defined, and visually represented, propositions are elaborated, and implications for further research and practice are suggested.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Putative novel bradykinin B3 receptors in the smooth muscle of the guinea-pig taenia caeci and trachea.

The bradykinin receptors mediating contraction in smooth muscle of the guinea-pig taenia caeci were compared with the proposed novel B3 receptors of the guinea-pig trachea. The activities of several antagonists in functional and binding studies were found to be very similar between these two guinea-pig preparations, but pKBs were markedly lower than in a number of typical B2 preparations from other species, suggesting that the characteristics of the proposed B3 receptor may be in part species-related.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Carcinoma arising in a dentinogenic ghost cell tumor.

A 13-year-old black girl was referred for evaluation of a nonhealing extraction site of 2 years' duration. Radiographs revealed a large, irregularly shaped, mixed radiolucent/radiopaque lesion that occupied almost the entire left area of the maxilla and crossed the midline. Microscopic examination revealed irregular dentinoid material with odontogenic epithelium that exhibited ghost cell keratinization and anaplastic changes. The patient underwent a hemimaxillectomy, and 7 years after surgery she appears to be free of disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Bradykinin receptors: pharmacological properties and biological roles.

Kinins contribute to the acute inflammatory response and are implicated in the pathophysiology of inflammatory disease. The development of therapeutically viable agents that counteract the effects of kinins is, therefore, potentially very rewarding. Since kinin actions are generally mediated via an interaction with cell-surface receptors, one approach is the development of site-specific receptor antagonists. The emphasis in this review is to outline our current understanding of the properties of bradykinin receptors and the potential therapeutic applications for drugs acting at these sites. As a result of the recent introduction of potent bradykinin receptor antagonists and the cloning of bradykinin receptor genes, considerable advances in kinin research can now be confidently anticipated.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Experiences of women clerical workers in patient care areas.

Nurse managers at all levels have a stake in the well-being and job satisfaction of clerical workers in patient care areas. The authors discuss the results of a qualitative interview study of 46 women employed as unit clerks and clinic clerks. As these women described their work experiences, they identified interactional dynamics in the workplace, issues of relative powerlessness, stresses involved in dealing with ill clients, organizational problems, and occupational hazards.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Bradykinin receptors in the guinea-pig taenia caeci are similar to proposed BK3 receptors in the guinea-pig trachea, and are blocked by HOE 140.

1. Bradykinin (BK) receptors of the guinea-pig taenia caeci were compared with those of the guinea-pig trachea, a preparation proposed to possess novel BK3 receptors. 2. Bradykinin-evoked contractile responses were unaffected in both preparations by the selective BK1 receptor antagonist [des-Arg9,Leu8]-BK (1 microM-10 microM). The BK2 receptor antagonists, D-Arg-[Hyp3,D-Phe7]-BK and D-Arg-[Hyp3,Thi5,8,D-Phe7]-BK, both had low affinities (apparent pKB estimates less than 6) which did not differ significantly between the two preparations (P greater than 0.05). In contrast, the novel bradykinin receptor antagonist D-Arg-[Hyp3,Thi5,D-Tic7,Oic8]-BK (HOE 140) potently antagonized responses to bradykinin with relatively high affinity (apparent pKB = 8.42 +/- 0.15 and 8.94 +/- 0.16 in the taenia caeci, and trachea, respectively). 3. We conclude that the bradykinin receptors in the guinea-pig taenia caeci have similar recognition properties to those present in the guinea-pig trachea, and in this respect the taenia caeci represents a useful preparation for the further study of proposed novel BK3 receptors.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

A pharmacological study of NK1 and NK2 tachykinin receptor characteristics in the rat isolated urinary bladder.

1. We have estimated potencies of tachykinin receptor agonist and antagonist analogues in order to determine the recognition characteristics of tachykinin receptors mediating phasic contractile responses of the rat isolated urinary bladder in vitro. 2. The NK1-selective synthetic agonists, substance P methyl ester and GR73632, the synthetic NK2-selective agonists [beta-Ala8]-NKA(4-10) and GR64349, and the mammalian tachykinins, neurokinin A and neurokinin B, were assayed relative to substance P and were found to be approximately equipotent. The NK3-selective agonist, senktide, was inactive (10 microM). 3. Potencies of all these agonists were not significantly different (P > 0.05) when experiments were carried out in the presence of the neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, phosphoramidon, and the kininase II inhibitor, enalaprilat (both 1 microM). 4. The NK1-selective antagonist, GR82334, inhibited responses to substance P methyl ester in a competitive manner in the rat urinary bladder and the rat ileum, and also in the guinea-pig ileum. Markedly different pKB estimates were obtained in the rat bladder (6.38) and rat ileum (6.56) compared to the guinea-pig ileum (7.42). GR82334 (3 microM) was inactive against responses of the rat bladder to [beta-Ala8]-NKA(4-10). 5. The NK1-selective antagonist (+/-)-CP-96,345 also inhibited responses of the rat bladder and guinea-pig ileum to substance P methyl ester; however, in the rat bladder at 1 microM, this antagonist reversibly inhibited responses both to the NK2-selective agonist [beta-Ala8]-NKA(4-10) and to the muscarinic agonist carbachol (P < or = 0.01), thus showing evidence of some non-selective depressant actions. 6. The NK2-selective antagonists, MEN10207 and L-659,874, competitively inhibited responses of the rat bladder to the NK2-selective agonist [P-Ala5]-NKA(4-10) giving pKB estimates of 5.75 and 6.68,respectively. Both antagonists (1O microM) were inactive against responses to the NKI-selective agonist substance P methyl ester.7. These results support the proposal of a mixed population of NKI and NK2 receptors mediating contraction of the rat isolated urinary bladder. The NK2 receptor is characterized by a relatively low affinity for the NK2-selective antagonist MEN10207 but a high affinity for L-659,874. The NKImediated responses are inhibited by (+/-)-CP-96,345: this compound however, has non-specific depressant effects in the rat bladder at high concentration (1 microM). In contrast, the NK,-receptor peptide antagonist GR82334, did not have non-specific depressant effects and competitively inhibited NK, responses in the rat bladder and rat ileum with an affinity significantly lower than at the NK,-receptors in the guinea-pigileum.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Applying critical theories to nursing in communities.

Public health realities in the United States indicate that unsafe physical surroundings, oppressive social arrangements, economic impoverishment, and political disenfranchisement threaten the safety and well-being of countless aggregates. To affect change in health-damaging conditions, nurses are urged to join with vulnerable groups, working together to expose oppressive situations and take action. As a guide for such emancipatory practice, the use of critical theories as the conceptual basis for community health nursing is advocated.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed1992

Contrasting properties of bradykinin receptor subtypes mediating contractions of the rabbit and pig isolated iris sphincter pupillae preparation.

Bradykinin contracts both the pig and rabbit iris sphincter preparations. In the pig, the bradykinin antagonists Lys,Lys-[Hyp3, Thi5,8,D-Phe7]-BK and D-Arg-[Hyp3,Thi5,D-Tic7,Oic8]-BK (HOE140) inhibited responses with pKB estimates of 6.0 and 8.4, respectively. These affinities are markedly lower than in the rabbit preparation, suggesting that different receptors are present in each of the two species.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Closing in on a breast cancer gene on chromosome 17q.

Linkage of early-onset familial breast and ovarian cancer to 11 markers on chromosome 17q12-q21 defines an 8-cM region which is very likely to include the disease gene BRCA 1. The most closely linked marker is D17S579, a highly informative CA repeat polymorphism. D17S579 has no recombinants with inherited breast or ovarian cancer in 79 informative meioses in the seven families with early-onset disease (lod score 9.12 at zero recombination). There is no evidence for linkage heterogeneity in the families with early-onset disease. The proportion of older-onset breast cancer attributable to BRCA 1 is not yet determinable, because both inherited and sporadic cases occur in older-onset families.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Neurokinin receptors in the rabbit iris sphincter characterised by novel agonist ligands.

We have used novel selective agonist ligands to examine neurokinin receptors mediating the contractile response to tachykinins in the rabbit iris sphincter preparation in vitro. The selective NK-1 receptor agonist delta-amino valeryl-[L-Pro9,N-Me Leu10]SP-(7-11) (GR73632) and the NK-3 receptor-selective agonist succ-[Asp6,N-Me-Phe8] SP-(6-11) (senktide) were both very active (concentration range 0.032 pM-10 nM and 0.1 pM-32 nM respectively), and were 933 and 16.6 times more potent than substance P, respectively, in contracting the iris. In contrast, the NK-2 selective agonist [Lys3,Gly8-R-gamma-lactam,Leu9]NKA-(3-10) (GR64349) was active only at the highest concentrations tested (3.2 nM-32 microM), and had 0.054 the activity of substance P. The presence of several peptidase inhibitors was without effect on the concentration-response relationship to substance P, GR73632, GR64349 or senktide. Tachykinins differed in their offset kinetics. Responses to GR73632, GR64349 and senktide were rapid in offset (times to reach half maximal responses were 1.5, 1.1 and 5.1 min, respectively), whereas responses to substance P were very much more prolonged in duration (time to reach half maximal response was 35.3 min). These results suggest the presence of both NK-1 and NK-3 receptors mediating contraction of the rabbit iris sphincter preparation. In addition, differences in response offset kinetics seem not to be due to differences in peptide metabolism, and suggest a property of substance P not shared by the other tachykinins used in this study.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Bradykinin B2 receptor evoked K+ permeability increase mediates relaxation in the rat duodenum.

We have investigated the receptors and associated coupling mechanisms that mediate the smooth muscle relaxant response to bradykinin (BK) in the rat duodenum in vitro. Relaxation in response to BK seems due to a direct action on the longitudinal smooth muscle since effects were demonstrable in the presence of ibuprofen, mepyramine, atropine, guanethidine (all 1 microM), hexamethonium (10 microM) and TTX (0.3 microM). Receptors involved are of the B2 subtype since agonists and antagonists active at B1 receptors were essentially inactive, and the B2 receptor antagonist Lys,Lys-[Hyp3,Thi5,8,D-Phe7]BK was a potent competitive antagonist of BK-induced relaxation (pKB of 7.2 +/- 0.1). The activity of both BK and the antagonist were unchanged by the presence of peptidase inhibitors including the carboxypeptidase inhibitor DL-2-mercaptomethyl-3-guanidinoethylthiopropanoic acid (mergetpa, 10 microM), which prevents conversion of BK analogues to des-Arg9-B1-active products. In high-K+ solution, BK (0.1-10 microM) produced concentration-related increases in 86Rb efflux. Both this permeability increase in high-K+ solution, and the relaxant responses in Krebs solution, were inhibited by low concentrations (10-100 nM) of apamin, as well as the B2 receptor antagonist Lys,Lys-[Hyp3,Thi5,8,D-Phe7]BK (1 microM). These results are compatable with the proposal that BK-evoked relaxation of the rat duodenum is mediated via a subset of B2 receptors for which the antagonist Lys,Lys-[Hyp3,Thi5,8,D-Phe7]BK has a high affinity, and results from stabilisation of the smooth muscle membrane through the opening of apamin-sensitive 86Rb-permeable calcium-activated K+ channels.

Animals↗