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J M Kolesar

Publications and source records attributed to J M Kolesar.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Transmissibility of adenovirus-induced adiposity in a chicken model.

BACKGROUND: We previously reported that human adenovirus Ad-36 induces adiposity and paradoxically lower levels of serum cholesterol (CHOL) and triglycerides (TG) in animals. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the transmissibility of Ad-36 and Ad-36 induced adiposity using a chicken model. DESIGN: Experiment 1--four chickens were housed (two per cage) and one from each cage was inoculated with Ad-36. Duration of presence of Ad-36 DNA in the blood of all chickens was monitored. Experiment 2--two groups of chickens were intranasally inoculated with Ad-36 (infected donors, I-D) or media (control donors, C-D). Blood drawn 36 h later from I-D and C-D groups was inoculated into wing veins of recipient chickens (infected receivers, I-R, and control receivers, C-R, respectively). On sacrifice, 5 weeks post-inoculation, blood was drawn, body weight noted and visceral fat was separated and weighed. RESULTS: Experiment 1--Ad-36 DNA appeared in the blood of the inoculated chickens and that of uninoculated chickens (cage mates) within 12 h of inoculation and the viral DNA persisted up to 25 days in the blood. Experiment 2--compared with C-D, visceral and total body fat were significantly greater and CHOL significantly lower for the I-D and I-R. TG were significantly lower for the I-D. Ad-36 was isolated from 12 out of 16 blood samples of the I-D that were used for inoculating I-R chickens. Ad-36 DNA was present in the blood and the adipose tissue of the I-D and I-R but not in the skeletal muscles of animals selected randomly for testing. CONCLUSION: As seen in experiment 1, Ad-36 infection can be transmitted horizontally from an infected chicken to another chicken sharing the cage. Additionally, experiment 2 demonstrated blood-borne transmission of Ad-36-induced adiposity in chickens. Transmissibility of Ad-36-induced adiposity in chicken model raises serious concerns about such a possibility in humans that needs further investigation.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗
PubMed2000

Direct quantification of AD-36 adenovirus DNA by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence.

An adenovirus, AD-36, has been linked to human adiposity and a sensitive and reliable quantitative method is required to assess AD-36 viral loads. This report describes direct detection of AD-36 viral DNA, which is the first method to quantitate DNA without amplification. Total genomic DNA is hybridized with an AD-36 specific fluorescently labeled probe and analyzed by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence. The minimum detectable quantity is 10.3 ng/ml, corresponding to 282 copies of AD-36 with a precision of 1-6%. These results indicate that direct detection with capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) is a reliable and sensitive method for quantifying AD-36 viral DNA.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed2000

Increased adiposity in animals due to a human virus.

BACKGROUND: Four animal models of virus-induced obesity including adiposity induced by an avian adenovirus have been described previously. This is the first report of adiposity induced in animals by a human virus. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the adiposity promoting effect of a human adenovirus (Ad-36) in two different animal models. DESIGN: Due to the novel nature of the findings we replicated the experiments using a chicken model three times and a mammal model once. In four separate experiments, chickens and mice were inoculated with human adenovirus Ad-36. Weight matched groups inoculated with tissue culture media were used as non-infected controls in each experiment. Ad-36 inoculated and uninfected control groups were housed in separate rooms under biosafety level 2 or better containment. The first experiment included an additional weight matched group of chickens that was inoculated with CELO (chick embryo lethal orphan virus), an avian adenovirus. Food intakes and body weights were measured weekly. At the time of sacrifice blood was drawn and visceral fat was carefully separated and weighed. Total body fat was determined by chemical extraction of carcass fat. RESULTS: Animals inoculated with Ad-36 developed a syndrome of increased adipose tissue and paradoxically low levels of serum cholesterol and triglycerides. This syndrome was not seen in chickens inoculated with CELO virus. Sections of the brain and hypothalamus of Ad-36 inoculated animals did not show any overt histopathological changes. Ad-36 DNA could be detected in adipose tissue, but not skeletal muscles of randomly selected animals for as long as 16 weeks after Ad-36 inoculation. CONCLUSIONS: Data from these animal models suggest that the role of viral disease in the etiology of human obesity must be considered.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗
PubMed1999

Identification of a gemcitabine-warfarin interaction.

A man anticoagulated with warfarin 57.5 mg/week (international normalized ratio [INR] 1.94) was diagnosed with nonsmall cell lung cancer and prescribed weekly gemcitabine. With the first dose of the first cycle, his INR rose to 3.52, and his weekly warfarin dose was decreased to 52.5 mg. The lower warfarin dose was continued during the 2-week rest period between cycles 1 and 2 of gemcitabine therapy, and his INR decreased to 2.08. The patient resumed gemcitabine while taking warfarin 52.5 mg/week; however, the warfarin dosage had to be reduced to 48.5 mg/week to achieve a therapeutic INR. After gemcitabine was discontinued, the patient was restabilized at the prechemotherapy baseline dosage. We conclude that an interaction between warfarin and gemcitabine occurred with the first dose of the latter and recommend weekly INRs for anticoagulated patients receiving gemcitabine.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1999

Warfarin-5-FU interaction--a consecutive case series.

Five patients from a single institution received concomitant warfarin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) during a 3-year period. The mean weekly warfarin dose before starting chemotherapy was 40.66 mg and during chemotherapy it was 24 mg (p=0.0026). All patients required a warfarin dosage reduction (range 18-74%, mean 44%). Two patients were hospitalized, one with a major retroperitoneal bleed, the other for fresh-frozen plasma administration and observation. Maximum international normalized ratios (INRs) ranged from 3.66-23.7. This series confirms a common, clinically significant interaction between warfarin and 5-FU. An interaction between capecitabine, the orally available prodrug of 5-FU, and warfarin also has been reported. We recommend weekly monitoring of prothrombin time and INR for all patients receiving concomitant warfarin and 5-FU or capecitabine.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1997

Direct quantification of HIV-1 RNA by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence.

HIV-1 RNA was quantitated directly by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF). CE-LIF was used to analyze cellular RNA and various nucleotide complexes. A fluorescently labeled DNA probe (DNA/RNA complex) in conjunction with thiazole orange intercalator was determined to have optimal stability and sensitivity for RNA analysis. Based on this observation, a hybridization method using a HIV-specific fluorescently labeled probe with analysis by CE-LIF was developed. Plasma samples from a HIV-seropositive patient were lysed to obtain RNA, hybridized with the HIV-specific probe and analyzed by CE-LIF. As little as 19 fg (1710 copies per 1 ml of starting plasma) of HIV RNA can be reliably and quantitatively detected. CE-LIF appears to be an efficient and sensitive method to quantitatively analyze RNA from a variety of sources.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quantitative analysis of NQO1 gene expression by RT-PCR and CE-LIF.

A capillary electrophoresis-laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) method to quantitate reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) products of NAD(P)H:quinone acceptor oxidoreductase (NQO1) derived from whole blood after amplification with a reaction-specific internal standard is reported. The internal standard eliminates variability within the PCR (Hoffman-La Roche, Inc., Nutley, NJ, U.S.A.), while analysis by CE-LIF adds sensitivity and reduces variability associated with isotopic detection. Both the PCR and CE aspects of the assay are precise, with migration time precision of less than 1% and peak area ratio precisions of 9.8-15%. Future applications of this technique may include the analysis of gene therapy, oligonucleotides, and point mutations.

Electrophoresis, Capillary↗