The X-linked IAP gene does not contribute to the clinical phenotype of spinal muscular atrophy.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
J M López-Terradas
Publications and source records attributed to J M López-Terradas.
[Epilepsy as a symptom].
Epilepsy and seizures are often misinterpreted as identical phenomenon and treatment of seizures confused with treatment of epilepsy. In this paper the concept of both epilepsy and seizures are revised and also the more new etiopathogenics hypothesis, stressing the importance of etiological diagnosis for a suitable therapy and prognosis, which depends more of the etiology than the morphology of seizures.
Diagnosis, Differential↗
[Introduction to the study of peroxisomal disorders].
The peroxisome is an organelle found in all nucleated cells of mammalian. Its name is due to H2O2 formation as result of cell respiration catalyzed by oxidases and catalases and play and important role on myelination and neuronal migration. Peroxisomes are formed by assembling of membrane proteins (structural, receptors and transporters) into peroxisomal membrane. Peroxisomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, synthesized on cytosol ribosomes and imported into peroxisomal matrix, mediated by receptors and transporters membrane proteins. There are two main categories of peroxisomal disorders: disorder of peroxisome biogenesis exemplified by Zellweger syndrome, where multiple peroxisomal protein, functions are deficient and disorders which involves a single peroxisomal protein, exemplified by X-adrenoleukodystrophy, where the organelle is apparently intact.
Biological Transport↗
Evaluation of congenital dysautonomia other than Riley-Day syndrome.
We report on four children, from different families, who suffer from a congenital autonomic disorder, presumably inherited. Three of them have a sensory neuropathy but do not fit any described hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy. All four were examined along with some of their immediate family members. We assessed the cardiovagal, sympathetic adrenergic and sympathetic cholinergic functions with a battery of non-invasive tests. Results demonstrated that sudomotor and cardiovascular orthostatic regulation exhibited the greatest abnormalities, pointing to a predominant impairment of sympathetic components, both cholinergic and adrenergic. The overall examination showed a heterogeneous group of congenital dysautonomia, exclusive of Riley-Day or other recognized hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies. We emphasize the importance of studying whole family groups to diagnose subclinical impairment and to provide correct genetic counselling.
Adolescent↗
[Evolutive neuroradiological alterations in Sandhoff's disease].
Sandhoff's disease is a severe form of gangliosidosis GM2 which presents in the first year of life, basically as progressive psychomotor retardation and/or a macular red cherry spot. Our patient presented the clinical picture characteristic of the disease. Diagnosis was confirmed by determining the activity of hexosaminidases A and B in serum and of beta-N-acetil hexosaminases in fibroblast culture. In view of the fatal prognosis of the disease, in 1991 a transplant of alogenic bone marrow (TMO) was carried out to try to replace the enzymes. This required exhaustive radiological follow-up to determine the possible neuro-radiological changes seen in this storage disease. Although treatment was not successful, the neuro-radiological findings may be of interest as perhaps being characteristic of the GM2 gangliosidosis: 1. Bilateral thalamic hyperecogenity in the cerebral ecography. 2. Differences between the thalamo-putamen densities due to bilateral homogeneous thalamic hyperdensity on the CT scan. 3. Thalamic hypointensity both on T2 sequences and in proton density on MR with the cerebral white matter being progressively affected. In conclusion, we suggest that bilateral symmetrical thalamic changes are an early finding which is probably specific to the GM2 gangliosidoses and may be useful from the point of view of carrying out more specific investigations in infants suspected of having a degenerative neurological disorder.
Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
[Angelman syndrome. Early diagnosis].
We report two patients who were less than two years old that were diagnosed as having Angelman syndrome. Cytogenetic confirmation of the disease was performed. We emphasize clinical and electroencephalographic features in infants that allow an early diagnosis of this syndrome and allow for prompt genetic counseling.
Age Factors↗
[Muscular dystrophy with central nervous system involvement. Apropos of 2 Spanish cases].
Two spanish male brothers with weakness and muscular dystrophy and affection of the CNS are presented. Muscular disturbances were noticeable from birth and, although generalized, they affected more severely proximal muscles. Both children presented joint contractures from an early stage. None of the patients got to walk and to stand. Muscular serum enzymes were slightly elevated. EMG and muscular histology were compatible with conventional pathology of PMD. Other features of severe alteration of CNS were observed in both patients, being the most significant lack of sphincter control at 13 and 7 years old, mental retardation with an IQ about 70, generalized seizures at 10 years in the older boy and presence of brain alterations at computerized tomography (CT), consisting in low density on subcortical brain parenchima in both cerebral hemispheres and the cerebellum in the older brother and in both cerebral hemispheres in the younger. Clinical course is stationary in both brothers. It seems that in our patients there is an autosomal recessive heredity. All clinical, genetic, EMG, CT and histological features are compatible with congenital progressive muscular dystrophy of Fukuyama type.
Brain↗
[Etiology of mental deficiency. Study based on 3735 cases (author's transl)].
A study on the etiology of MD was done on 3735 children with mental retardation. Selection of patients was verified by precise alphabetical train in order to obtain the different factors of MD with objectivity. The highest percentage of MD was constituted by pathology concerning pre- and/or peripartum problems (53.78%), being on the contrary very low the percentage of MD of unknown etiology (8.219%). Authors think that it is possible to verified correct diagnosis of cases with MD if the clinical knowledge is large the adequate para-clinical studies (biochemistry, EEG, EMG, cytogenetic and neuroradiology) are practised. The unknown etiology of MD must be low. In their opinion MD accompanying CNS malformations and dysmorphic syndromes must not be classified as MD of unknown etiology. Emphasis is done on the necessity of having in consideration real percentages of etiological factors when programs for education of subnormal children are developed.
Adolescent↗
Single fibre electromyography in central core disease.
Single fibre electromyography in the extensor digitorum communis muscle was studied in five patients with central core disease. The average number of muscle fibre action potentials belonging to the same motor unit was higher in patients than in healthy subjects of the same age. The increase in motor unit fibre density is consistent with increased terminal innervation ratio described in other papers about central core disease.
Adolescent↗
[Schwartz-Jampel syndrome. A case report and review of literature (author's transl)].
A new case with distinctive features of Schwartz-Jampel syndrome is reported, which makes the patient number 28 after reviewing world literature on the subject. Clinical, genetic, neurophysiological and pathological point of view is studied. The myotonic discharges which the patient presented while resting, did not diminish either with general anesthesia or with curarization, being this the pattern of a true myotonia.
Child↗
[Sturge-Weber syndrome. Findings in 22 infantile cases (author's transl)].
Twenty two infants, 13 females and nine males, with Sturge-Weber syndrome are reviewed. Facial "nevus flammeus" is found to be located unilaterally in 13 cases and bilaterally in nine cases. Twenty infants presented seizures with generalized type being most frequent. E.E.G. alterations appeared in 18 cases. The I.Q. was normal in five infants although somewhat lower than the inferior limits of a normal I.Q. range. The major radiological alterations seen were an increased thickness of the skull cap; intracranial calcification (11 cases), unilateral in eight and bilateral in three; cerebral hemiatrophy (10 cases), arterial and venous hypoplasia and tortuosity in the entire extension of the carotid artery. One of the infants died with no apparent cause. This death cannot be attributed to the orignal syndrome. Computerized tomography offers early adequate data concerning the intracranial calcifications and cerebral hemiatrophy. Based on this study there does not seem to be sufficient motives to separate the Sturge-Weber and the Klippel-Trenaunay syndromes into two different entities.
Angiomatosis↗
[Werdnig-Hoffmann's disease. Study on 53 cases (author's transl)].
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Age Factors↗
Motor unit remodelling in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Electrophysiological assessment.
Conventional EMG, motor and sensory conduction velocities, averaging analysis of MUPs, SFEMG, and muscle fiber conduction velocity in situ were performed in 14 boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DD) aged 5 to 11 years. MUPs parameters study showed a striking increment of long duration MUPs followed by satellites and increase of polyphasic potentials of variable duration. The main findings in SFEMG examination were increment in fiber density of the motor unit, large MISI and presence of complex potentials of long duration in all patients. Muscle fiber conduction velocity in situ was significantly slower than in controls, with significant decrease in minimum conduction and increased variability (large SD) in propagation velocity values. Low conduction velocity of muscle fibers, long duration of polyphasics and MUPs followed by satellites, and large MISI were significantly related. These findings support the hypotheses which have suggested that the motor unit remodelling in DD is mainly myogenic. The abnormalities in muscle fiber conduction velocity in situ reflect an increased diameter variation of muscle fibers consistent with splitting fibers, small groups of regenerating and necrotic fibers, and fiber diameter variation found in histological studies. Thus, increased variability in fiber diameter may be the cause of complex and long duration MUPs in DD.
Action Potentials↗