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Biomedical subjects

J M Manners

Publications and source records attributed to J M Manners.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Induction of beta-1,3-glucanase in barley in response to infection by fungal pathogens.

The sequence of a partial cDNA clone corresponding to an mRNA induced in leaves of barley (Hordeum vulgare) by infection with fungal pathogens matched almost perfectly with that of a cDNA clone coding for beta-1,-3-glucanase isolated from the scutellum of barley. Western blot analysis of intercellular proteins from near-isogenic barley lines inoculated with the powdery mildew fungus (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei) showed a strong induction of glucanase in all inoculated lines but was most pronounced in two resistant lines. These data were confirmed by beta-1,3-glucanase assays. The barley cDNA was used as a hybridization probe to detect mRNAs in barley, wheat (Triticum aestivum), rice (oryza sativus), and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), which are induced by infection with the necrotrophic pathogen Bipolaris sorokiniana. These results demonstrate that activation of beta-1,3-glucanase genes may be a general response of cereals to infection by fungal pathogens.

Ascomycota↗
PubMed1990

Genes from Cellvibrio mixtus encoding beta-1,3 endoglucanase.

Two genes encoding beta-1,3 glucanase activity were cloned from the gram-negative soil bacterium Cellvibrio mixtus. The two clones, designated cwd (cell wall degradation) and lam (laminarin degradation), had distinct endonuclease restriction patterns and encoded enzymes with distinct substrate specificities. The 3.7-kilobase cwd insert encoded an enzyme which degraded yeast cell walls as well as the soluble beta-1,3 glucan laminarin and the insoluble beta-1,3 glucans zymosan and pachyman. The 1.8-kilobase lam insert encoded an enzyme which degraded laminarin only. Both enzymes degraded laminarin in an endohydrolytic manner to yield laminarobiose, laminarotriose, and laminarotetraose as major end products. Radiolabeled translation products of the cwd and lam transcripts were identified.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1989

Open heart surgery in the first 24 hours of life.

The results of open heart surgery in infants have steadily improved. The performance of corrective surgery very early in life has thereby been encouraged. We report four patients who underwent successful surgical correction within 24 h of birth. Two patients with total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage and one patient with pulmonary atresia and intact septum were corrected with the aid of profound hypothermia by the combined surface and bypass cooling technique. Cardiopulmonary bypass alone was used for the fourth patient with aortic stenosis. The usual surgical techniques can be applied successfully to infants even within 24 h of life.

Aortic Valve Stenosis↗
PubMed1985

Left ventricular aneurysm. The Wessex experience.

One hundred patients with left ventricular aneurysms were operated on between February 1973 and January 1983. The principal indications for operation were left ventricular failure in 58, angina in 23, both in 17, with arrhythmia and systemic emboli accounting for one case each. Eighty five had had anterior infarction causing 82 anteroapical and three lateral aneurysms, while the remainder had had inferior infarcts resulting in 14 inferior aneurysms and one lateral aneurysm. Coronary angiography detected a single coronary lesion in 46%. Three patients had aneurysmal plication and the remainder had aneurysmectomy. Eleven mitral valve replacements were performed. Forty patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting with a mean number of grafts per patients of 1.4. The early mortality was 7% with no early deaths since 1978. The actuarial five year survival was 68%, and 82% of survivors are in New York Heart Association class I or II (mean follow up three years). Left ventricular aneurysmectomy may be performed with a low operative mortality and good long term results.

Coronary Artery Bypass↗
PubMed1979

Beta-adrenoceptor blockade and anaesthesia. Beta-adrenoceptor antagonism during anaesthesia for coronary artery surgery.

Twenty-six patients with severe coronary artery disease, receiving long term beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs were anaesthetised for aorto-coronary bypass operations. Beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs were withdrawn 2 to 8 days before surgery in ten patients only. In the remaining sixteen patients there were no serious complications due to the presence of a degree of beta-blockade during anaesthesia and surgery. The undesirable cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation were diminished in these patients, and the rise in heart rate/systolic pressure product, and indicator of myocardial oxygen consumption, was less in this group. The need for peripheral vasodilators to treat systemic arterial pressure rises in response to surgery was also reduced. There appeared to be no contraindication to the continuation of beta-adrenoceptor blockade before operation in patients undergoing aorto-coronary bypass procedures when suitable anaesthetic agents were selected and when an appropriate blood volume was maintained.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1979

Valve replacement in carcinoid syndrome. Anaesthetic management for tricuspid and pulmonary valve surgery.

This report describes the anaesthetic management of a patient with carcinoid syndrome for cardiac catheterisation followed by replacement of the tricuspid and pulmonary valves. Apart from the precautionary use of aprotinin and steroids, routine techniques of anaesthesia and monitoring were used without complications attributable to secretions from tumour tissue.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1977

Pulmonary arterio-venous fistula. A shunt equation exercise during thoracotomy.

A report is given of a patient with multiple bilateral pulmonary arterio-venous fistulae who underwent right thoracotomy for this condition. Blood-gas studies before and during surgery showed that the arterio-venous oxygen content differences of 1-16-1-34 mmol/l were less than normal, and the calculated venous admixture during the procedure varied from 44 to 60% of cardiac output. The changes in venous admixture at various stages of the operation could not be predicted on the basis of evidence derived from normal lungs.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Pulmonary hypertension in mitral valve disease: 56 surgical patients reviewed.

A total of 392 patients have undergone prosthetic valve surgery including the mitral valve over a four-year period (1972-76). Of these patients 56 (14%) had a pulmonary artery systolic pressure of 70 mmHg or more during preoperative cardiac catheterisation and the hospital mortality of this group was 5.4%. Similarly, the hospital mortality of the remaining 336 patients with a pulmonary artery pressure below 70 mmHg was 5.4%. The presence of pulmonary hypertension in patients with valve disease including the mitral valve does not therefore indicate that the risk of dying in hospital as a consequence of corrective surgery is increased. The absence of a raised hospital mortality in this recent series may be attributed to improved surgical techniques and materials, while the use of droperidol and pentolinium which may reduce pulmonary vascular resistance as well as systemic resistance during surgery could be contributory.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Venous air embolism during neurosurgery. A comparison of various methods of detection in man.

A comparison of the various methods available for the detection of air embolus has been carried out in patients undergoing posterior fossa exploration in the sitting position. A group of 17 patients (Group A) was comprehensively monitored by a central venous catheter, an infra-red carbon dioxide analyser and a Doppler ultrasonic flow transducer in addition to more traditional clinical methods. Group B (19 patients) was monitored by commonly used clinical methods consisting of continuous palpation of the radial pulse, intermittent blood pressure measurement, the use of an oesophageal stethoscope and the electrocardiograph. In Group A the detection of air embolus varied from 6% using an oesophageal stethoscope to 58% by the Doppler method. In Group B air embolus was diagnosed in 10% of patients. One patient in each group died from air embolus; one patient had a paradoxical embolus to the coronary arteries. It is concluded that comprehensive monitoring for air embolus, including the use of Doppler ultrasound, is an essential part of the management of these patients, for both diagnosis and treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

A new tube feed: Aminutrin and Calonutrin.

A new tube feed made up from separate sachets of 1-amino acids and saccharides, and mixed with milk, has been given to five patients for a total of 49 days. The preparation, administration and tolerance of the feed has been uncomplicated, and the electrolyte, calorie and nitrogen content could be easily varied according to the patient's needs. A simple metabolic study of the patients was made during the administration of the feed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intermittent assisted ventilation. An assessment using the Retec breathing assistor.

A simple ventilator assistor was utilised in three of six patients after transthoracic repair of hiatus hernia. The device was found to be easy and convenient to use but in the pilot study produced no demonstrable improvement in respiratory function. At 10 days postoperation, the arterial oxygen tension had not risen to a preoperative level in five patients, and the FVC and FEVI were less than the values obtained before surgery in every patient.

Aged↗