PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J M Markley

Publications and source records attributed to J M Markley.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Transplantation and transposition of skeletal muscles into the faces of monkeys.

Restoration of normal facial movement after long-term facial paralysis with muscle atrophy has not yet been achieved reliably by either free grafts, in which fibers degenerate and regenerate, or by grafts made with microneurovascular repair, in which most fibers survive. Our purpose was to compare the structural and functional properties of free muscle grafts and continuously perfused muscle flaps transplanted into the faces of monkeys. In adult monkeys, the facial muscles were replaced by either a free graft of a donor muscle from the lower limb or a denervated flap of ipsilateral temporalis muscle. Each graft or flap was reinnervated with the preserved buccal branch of the facial nerve. The control muscles, grafts, and flaps were examined 90 days later for gross appearance, contractile properties, and fiber areas. Compared with muscle flaps, free grafts showed greater adaptability to the new location and innervation and a closer approximation to the structural and functional properties of the original facial musculature.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Lentoid.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Surgery, Plastic↗
PubMed1985

Functional properties of palmaris longus muscles of rhesus monkeys transplanted as index finger flexors.

This experiment with skeletal muscle autografts in monkeys was designed to retest previous findings that transplanted skeletal muscle can regenerate to a functional degree in primates without predenervation and to test a new hypothesis that increased functional demands on regenerated muscle grafts in monkeys may result in improved functional capacity of the grafts. Rhesus monkey index flexors were replaced with free palmaris longus muscle autografts with microneural anastomoses between the graft motor nerve and the severed profundus motor nerve. One monkey was taught selective index flexion before grafting and continued with this program after grafting to test the effect of training on the graft. Mature grafts were evaluated for in vivo contractile properties and by histology and histochemistry and were compared with a group of normal Rhesus palmaris longus muscles. The results reconfirm the capacity of nonpredenervated monkey skeletal muscle grafts to regenerate and to achieve some contractile ability and suggest that training of free muscle grafts may enhance recovery of their functional and structural properties.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Island flaps of the hand.

This article discusses the use of vascular island skin and composite flaps in surgery of the hand. The history of the development of island flaps is outlined. The principles, indications, and techniques for several useful island flaps in the hand are presented.

Amputation, Traumatic↗
PubMed1978

Regeneration of skeletal muscle after grafting in monkeys.

Twenty-five palmaris longus muscles were transplanted into the forearm (orthotopic autografts) or into the face (heterotopic autografts) in 15 Rhesus monkeys. These muscles were transplanted with or without anastomosis to a motor nerve. No significant difference was observed long-term between the grafts done with or without prior denervation of the muscle. The forearm muscle grafts without neurorrhaphies formed a static, fibrous sling which did not contract. The forearm autografts with neurorrhaphy and the grafts to the face, with or without neurorrhaphy, all developed regenerating skeletal muscle fibers and showed contractile activity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neuroanastomosis of orthotopically transplanted palmaris longus muscles.

Palmaris longus (PML) muscles of rhesus monkeys were transplanted, with or without anastomosis of the median nerve, to the nerve stump of the autograft. Because PML autografts revascularize spontaneously, vascular anastomoses were not performed. Muscle fibers regenerated in all autografts with neuroanastomosis, but in only three of eight autografts without neuroanastomosis. Five autografts without neuroanastomosis were replaced by noncontractile connective tissue. Growth and differentiation of muscle fibers into three fiber types and development of capillarity were analyzed histochemically, and succinate oxidase activity of whole-muscle homogenates was determined. None of these measures reached values for control PML muscles within 100 days of transplantation. In comparison to control muscles, autografts had slower times to peak tension and less absolute tension, but similar tension per square centimeter of muscle fiber cross-sectional area. Monkey PML autografts with neuroanastomosis were similar in structure and function to cat extensor digitorum longus autografts that had not had neuroanastomosis.

Animals↗