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Biomedical subjects

J M Martínez-Lage

Publications and source records attributed to J M Martínez-Lage.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and other dementing disorders in Pamplona, Spain.

We investigated the prevalence of dementing disorders in the city of Pamplona, Spain, using a door-to-door two-phase approach. We first administered the Cambridge Examination of Mental Disorders of the Elderly (CAMDEX) to all survivors, as of March 1, 1991, of a probability sample of the total population identified in 1989 (n = 1,127). Using specified diagnostic criteria, the study neurologists extensively investigated those subjects who screened positive on CAMDEX. We found 194 subjects affected by dementia, 119 had Alzheimer's disease; 51 vascular or mixed dementia, and 16 secondary dementia. The prevalence of both dementia and Alzheimer's disease increased steeply with advancing age and was consistently higher in women. The prevalence of combined vascular and mixed dementia increased less rapidly with age, and was generally higher in men. Alzheimer's disease was the most common type of dementia. Our prevalence figures for dementia and Alzheimer's disease are similar to those previously reported in Europe.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

[Difficulties in differential diagnosis of long-term Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease].

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is characterized by a rapidly progressive dementia that often leads to death within a few months of onset. However, some cases evolve over a much longer period of time and have a clinical picture that is difficult to distinguish from other progressive dementias that occur in the adult, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). We examine the clinical features of 3 patients with pathologically confirmed CJD whose course was slow (4-5 years) and who were initially diagnosed as having AD. Only two of them had shown signs of CJD in the terminal stages. In this study we examine the clinical characteristics of these patients, and discuss of differentiating CJD from other entities, especially from AD.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Sneddon's syndrome vasculopathy with antiphospholipid antibodies in a child].

We studied a ten-year old girl with livedo reticularis and multiple central nervous system ischemic attacks beginning when she was five. Blood tests were positive for cryoglobulins and antiphospholipid antibodies; superior limb angiography showed occlusion and irregularities of the vessel walls and temporal artery biopsy revealed concentric thickening of the vessel wall due to fibrotic subendothelial proliferation. Sneddon's syndrome was diagnosed. Onset of this syndrome during early childhood has not been previously reported.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1994

Functional interaction between dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in 'MPTP' monkeys.

We have studied the motor response induced by independent administration of 4 different doses of a dopamine D2 [(+)-PHNO] and a dopamine D1 (CY 208-243) receptor agonist in 5 MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) monkeys. Both drugs had similar antiparkinsonian effects and both elicited choreic dyskinesias. Simultaneous administration of (+)-PHNO [(+)-4-propyl-9-hydroxynaphthoxazine] and CY 208-243 [(-)4,6,6a,7,8,12b-hexahydro-7-methylindolo[4,3a-b]phenan thyxidine] did not result in modification of the dose-response curve induced by each dopamine receptor agonist given alone. Pretreatment with the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 (0.8 mg/kg) and the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride (60 mg/kg) reduced the magnitude and the duration of the motor response induced by (+)-PHNO and CY 208-243, respectively, but did not modify the intensity and characteristics of choreic dyskinesias. These results demonstrate that the motor effects and the dyskinesias cannot be dissociated by selective dopamine D1 and D2 receptor stimulation. It appears that stimulation of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors by endogenous dopamine is required to obtain the full motor response induced by selective dopamine receptor agonists as demonstrated by the reduction of the motor improvement found after pretreatment with SCH 23390 and sulpiride.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The AMPA receptor antagonist NBQX does not alter the motor response induced by selective dopamine agonists in MPTP-treated monkeys.

We studied the motor response induced by the administration of the AMPA receptor antagonist, NBQX (2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoylbenzo[f]quinoxaline(1H,4H)dione sodium salt), in two parkinsonian monkeys and its interaction with the selective D-2 dopamine receptor agonist, (+)-PHNO [(+)-4-propyl-9-hydroxynaphthoxazine], and the partial dopamine D-1 receptor agonist, CY 208-243 [(-)-4,6,6a,7,8,12b-hexahydro-7-methyl-indolo[4,3a-b]phen anthyxidine]. NBQX treatment did not reverse the parkinsonism or change the responses previously induced by dopamine agonists. These results do not support an antiparkinsonian effect of the AMPA receptor antagonist, NBQX. In addition they indicate that there is no functional interaction between AMPA and dopamine receptors in monkeys with a substantia nigra lesion.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
PubMed1993

Palatal myoclonus and opioid peptides.

We report a patient who presented palatal myoclonus (PM) after anoxic brain damage that was completely abolished by the administration of opioid agonists. This suggests the involvement of peptide systems in the development of PM.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1993

[Paraclinical tests in multiple sclerosis. Clinical correlation and predictive value].

The correlation between clinical signs and symptoms, Evoked Potentials (EP) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is still uncertain. It seems necessary to perform comparative studies with homogeneous groups of patients to avoid the error provoked by the selection of patients and the use in the diagnosis of EP and MRI. The aims of this paper were to calculate the sensitivity of EP and MRI in MS in relation to time of evolution and type of MS, to determine the correlation between clinical data and EP and MRI alterations, and to show the predictive value of the paraclinical tests. We have performed clinical examination, EP and MRI in 47 patients with clinically definite MS, Poser's category 1a, without acute attack. Our results show significant correlation between VEP and visual functional scale (FS) (r = 0.43), brainstem auditory EP (BAEP) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) (r = 0.33), BAEP and cerebellar FS (r = 0.36), BAEP and brainstem FS (r = 0.29) and somatosensory EP (SEP) and pyramidal FS (r = 0.4). Also, we found significant correlation among clinical data and MRI abnormalities in cerebellum (p < 0.01), brainstem (p < 0.001), and spinal cord (p < 0.01). The SEP (74%), cerebellar (92%) and spinal (83%) MRI alterations provided the greatest agreement with presumed clinical abnormalities. These data confirm the efficacy of EP and MRI to describe the status of MS and support its utility to evaluate the evolution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Parkinsonism induced by MPTP as an experimental model of Parkinson disease: similarities and differences].

MPTP administration, preferably to mice and primates, induces a selective damage of substantia nigra dopaminergic cells. Intrinsic mechanisms mediating MPTP induced toxicity, remain still under evaluation. There are very few semiological differences between Parkinson's disease (PD) and MPTP parkinsonism, but significant biochemical and neuropathological differences have been reported between these two entities. However, at the moment it represents the best model of Parkinson's disease available for the study of the basal ganglia function. In addition it could be a useful tool for a better understanding of mechanisms involved in neuronal death and regeneration. The present paper, summarize the real knowledge about the mechanism by which MPTP induces neuronal toxicity, the differences reported between PD and MPTP parkinsonism and finally its application for research.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗
PubMed1991

[Comparative study of magnetic resonance and evoked potentials in patients with clinically defined multiple sclerosis].

In an attempt to establish the efficacy of the most recent diagnostic tests--magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and multimodal evoked potentials (EP), 28 patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS) (1.a Poser's categories) were studied. The MR was positive in 26 (92%) patients; the EP were altered in 23 (82%)--the visual EP in 18 (64.2%), the auditory EP in 5 (17.8%), and the somatosensory EP in 15 (53.5%). Three patients with abnormal brain stem MR had normal EP. Two patients had normal MR and altered EP. There was not any patient with normal MR and EP. The MR was the most sensitive technique for the diagnosis of MS, but only during the 3 first years of evolution. After this study we consider the convenience to have both MR and EP positive to give a patient the diagnostic of clinically definite with paraclinic support (category 1.b of Poser).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Epidemiology and clinical evolutionary aspects of multiple sclerosis in Navarra].

In the present study 84 patients with the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis were identified as living in Navarra on the date of prevalence (December 31, 1986). The raw yearly incidence rate was 0.49/100000, which is similar to that in Mediterranean countries. A significant increase of this rate was found between 1951 and 1986, which was interpreted as a consequence of higher economic status and/or progressive industrialization. The raw prevalence rate was 16.4/100000 and age-specific prevalence was 26.5. Therefore, Navarra is a medium risk area for MS. Mean age at onset was 29.3 years, with a significant female predominance. In addition, MS presented earlier in females. The relationship between MS and latitude of the residence area was confirmed. The most common presenting symptoms were motor (paresia) and sensory (paresthesia). Cerebrospinal fluid was abnormal in 86.5% of patients, evoked potentials (mostly visual) in 85.9%, and magnetic resonance in 100%. Demyelinizing signs were detected with CT in 29.4% of patients. The diagnostic criteria of the Boston University Workshop were highly reliable. The most common evolutive pattern was the pure remitting one. The mean degree of disability was 3.6 in Kurtzke's scale. The evolutive form and the duration of the disease were identified as predictive of disability. 43.5% of benign forms and 13.1% of late onset forms were identified.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Placebo-controlled trial of nimodipine in the treatment of acute ischemic cerebral infarction.

Nimodipine is a 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative that shows a preferential cerebrovascular activity in experimental animals. Clinical data suggest that nimodipine has a beneficial effect on the neurologic outcome of patients suffering an acute ischemic stroke. Our double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter trial was designed to assess the effects of oral nimodipine on the mortality rate and neurologic outcome of patients with an acute ischemic stroke. One hundred sixty-four patients were randomly allocated to receive either nimodipine tablets (30 mg q.i.d.) or identical placebo tablets for 28 days. Treatment was always started less than or equal to 48 hours after the acute event. The Mathew Scale, slightly modified by Gelmers et al, was used for neurologic assessment. Mortality rate and neurologic outcome after 28 days were used as evaluation criteria. We considered 123 patients to be valid for the analysis of efficacy. Mortality rates did not differ significantly between groups. Neurologic outcome after 28 days of therapy did not differ between groups. However, when only those patients most likely to benefit from any intervention (Mathew Scale sum score of less than or equal to 65 at baseline) were analyzed separately in post hoc-defined subgroups, the nimodipine-treated subgroups showed a significantly better neurologic outcome. This result suggests that some patients with acute ischemic stroke will benefit from treatment with nimodipine tablets.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Flunarizine (Sibelium) in the prophylaxis of migraine. An open, long-term, multicenter trial.

Sixty-four Spanish neurological centers participated in a study designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of flunarizine in migraine. One thousand four hundred and thirty-five outpatients (367 [25.6%] males and 1,068 [74.4%] females) fulfilling the criteria proposed by the International Headache Society for the diagnosis of migraine entered the study. Patients were treated with 10 mg of single-dose flunarizine (Sibelium) alone at bedtime in open fashion for 6 months. At the end of this treatment period, flunarizine was withdrawn, but the follow-up of the patients continued for another 6 months. The evaluation criteria used were a rating scale (the GES) based on frequency, duration, intensity, and characteristics of the attacks as well as a checklist of possible side-effects. This clinical assessment was recorded in detail in the patients' rating notebooks at the start and at the end of the third, sixth, ninth, and twelfth month of the study. A mean decrease of 66.9% in the GES was obtained at the end of the treatment period, which implies a good or excellent result in the prophylaxis of migraine attacks in 69.5% of the patients. This improvement was practically unchanged at the end of the follow-up period. Side-effects were moderate, the most frequent ones being drowsiness and weight gain. Their incidence decreased after the first months of treatment.

Adolescent↗