Radiography of adrenal gland neoplasms.
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Adenoma↗
Biomedical subjects
J M Mathis
Publications and source records attributed to J M Mathis.
Pathognomonic CT findings of posterior fossa epidural hematomas.
The computed tomographic (CT) findings in three patients with posterior fossa epidural hematoma are reviewed. Both acute and subacute forms of presentation are depicted. Discussion is centered on the efficacy of both noncontrast (NCCT) and contrast-enhanced (CECT) computed tomography in the diagnosis and management of this type of injury. The extension of hematoma across a dural sinus, a pathognomonic CT finding of posterior fossa epidural hematomas, is demonstrated.
Adult↗
CT detection of bowel infarction.
Bowel infarction is a cause of acute abdominal emergency with high associated morbidity and mortality. Prior to the advent of CT, specific diagnosis was made either by mesenteric angiography or by direct visualization at surgery. This article describes the CT detection of intravascular mesenteric gas as a reliable indication of bowel infarction. Other nonspecific findings associated with bowel infarction and ischemia are also discussed.
Gases↗
Acute stroke intervention with intraarterial urokinase infusion.
PURPOSE: A preliminary evaluation of the efficacy and safety of treating patients with acute stroke with intraarterial urokinase infusions was performed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twelve patients with acute stroke were treated within 8 hours of symptom onset (average, 5 hours). Thrombolysis was performed within the middle cerebral (n = 10), internal carotid (n = 1), and basilar (n = 1) arteries. Urokinase (160,000-500,000 IU) was infused through microcatheters placed into or adjacent to the thrombi. RESULTS: Thrombolysis was angiographically successful in nine patients (75%), all of whom had long-term neurologic improvement. No or minimal neurologic deficits were present in six patients (50%). Thrombolysis failed in three patients (25%); one patient died and two developed severe permanent neurologic deficits. No hemorrhagic complications occurred. CONCLUSION: Preliminary results suggest that intraarterial urokinase infusion may be effective and safe for treating patients with acute stroke. Potentially devastating neurologic damage was averted or lessened in nine patients (75%). No additional neurologic damage was caused by intervention in the remaining three patients (25%).
Cerebral Angiography↗
An ex vivo biomechanical evaluation of a hydroxyapatite cement for use with kyphoplasty.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous ex vivo biomechanical studies have shown that kyphoplasty with polymethylmethacrylate cement increases vertebral body (VB) strength and restores VB stiffness and height after compression fracture. The purpose of the current study was to determine if a hydroxyapatite cement used as a void filler during kyphoplasty provides mechanical stabilization similar to that of a polymethylmethacrylate cement. METHODS: Simulated compression fractures were experimentally created in 33 osteoporotic VBs harvested from female cadaver spines. VBs were assigned to one of three groups: 1) kyphoplasty with a custom mixture of Simplex P; 2) kyphoplasty with BoneSource; and 3) no treatment. The kyphoplasty treatment consisted of inserting a balloon-like device into the VB via both pedicles, inflating the tamp, and filling the created void with Simplex P bone cement or BoneSource. VBs in the no-treatment group received no interventions. Pre- and posttreatment heights were measured, and the repaired VBs were recompressed to determine posttreatment strength and stiffness values. RESULTS: Kyphoplasty with altered Simplex P restored strength, whereas kyphoplasty with BoneSource and the no-treatment protocol both resulted in significantly weaker VBs relative to initial strength. All treatments resulted in significantly less stiff VBs relative to their initial condition. All VBs lost significant height after initial compression, but a significant amount of lost height was restored by kyphoplasty with either cement. CONCLUSION: Kyphoplasty with either cement significantly restored VB height. Kyphoplasty with altered Simplex P resulted in stronger repairs than did no treatment or kyphoplasty with BoneSource.
Aged↗
Percutaneous vertebroplasty.
Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV) is a safe and effective treatment for relieving pain in patients complaining of severe back pain induced by osteoporotic or neoplastic compression fractures. The success rate exceeds 90% and the complication rate is lower than 1%. Most of the complications are transient. The classic indication for PV is severe, persistent, and incapacitating focal back pain not responding to standard medical therapy and related to one or more collapsed vertebral bodies of 4 to 12 weeks duration.
Back Pain↗
Drug metabolism by isolated fetal human hepatocytes in suspension and primary culture.
Isolated viable hepatocytes of human fetuses (weeks 12-34 of gestation) were prepared by collagenase/hyaluronidase digestion of liver slices. These cells have the ability to catalyze certain metabolic transformations involved in the disposition of xenobiotics. The levels of enzymes catalyzing oxidative metabolism (phase I) were very low in the fetal liver cells, although such cells possess appreciable metabolic capacity to catalyze synthetic (phase II) reactions. These cells retained the ability to metabolize 7-ethoxycoumarin when maintained in short term, nonproliferating monolayer culture for up to 4 days. The metabolism of 7-ethoxycoumarin was significantly increased by treatment of cells with 1,2-benzanthracene, but not with phenobarbital. The usefulness of isolated fetal human hepatocytes both in suspension and short term culture as model systems for the study of developmental aspects of the enzymes involved in the metabolism of foreign compounds and as a tool for study of various toxic effects of chemicals on the human fetus is discussed.
Benz(a)Anthracenes↗
MR imaging of spinal cord avulsion.
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Birth Injuries↗
Immunologic characterization of tumor markers in human ovarian cancer cell lines.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of a novel autologous ovarian tumor-associated antigen in eight human ovarian tumor cell lines compared with other ovarian tumor markers and products of oncogenes. METHODS: Autologous antibodies were eluted from human ovarian tumor-membrane fragments purified in our laboratory. These antibodies react with autologous ovarian tumor-associated antigens (AOTA) and have a high degree of specificity for human ovarian tumors. They do not bind to normal ovarian or nonovarian tissues, or to nonovarian neoplastic tissues. We evaluated eight human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines (2008, 2774, Caov-3, OVCAR-3, PA-1, SW 626, UCI 101, and UCI 107) by indirect immunofluorescence to determine the expression of AOTA relative to the ovarian cancer tumor marker CA 125 and the products of selected oncogenes (p 53, c-neu, and c-myc). RESULTS: The patterns and intensities of immunofluorescence correlated most closely between AOTA and c-neu. For example, AOTA and c-neu were detected in all eight cell lines and displayed very strong cytoplasmic fluorescence on cell lines 2774, UCI 101, and UCI 107. CA 125 was present in the cytoplasm of four of eight cell lines. A tumor suppressor gene product, p53, exhibited a nuclear staining pattern in six of eight cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that AOTA and the products of the c-neu oncogene may share certain epitopes. Current studies are underway to increase our understanding of the humoral response to ovarian cancer and the possible relationship to the expression of tumor oncogene products. Further characterization of AOTA will be necessary before early diagnostic tests can be developed.
Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
Hydrophilic coatings diminish adhesion of glue to catheter: an in vitro simulation of NBCA embolization.
PURPOSE: To determine whether new hydrophilic microcatheter coatings exhibit characteristics that diminish the chance of permanent endovascular glue adhesion during liquid acrylic embolization. METHODS: Common hydrophilic and nonhydrophilic microcatheters (both flow-directed and over-the-wire) used in neurointerventional procedures were evaluated in vitro for liquid acrylic (Histoacryl and Avacryl)-to-catheter bond strength, catheter endovascular friction, and catheter stretch (tensile strength). Sufficient test repetitions were acquired to achieve statistical significance. RESULTS: The bond strength between hydrophilically coated catheters and NBCA was significantly weaker than between nonhydrophilic catheters and NBCA. Hydrophilic catheter coating reduced dynamic endovascular friction by 30% to 35%. All flow-directed catheters exhibited considerably more stretch (less tensile strength) and therefore were more prone to fracture during withdrawal than over-the-wire systems. Histoacryl bonded to both hydrophilic and nonhydrophilic catheters with a significantly greater force than did Avacryl. CONCLUSION: Hydrophilically coated catheters should be less likely to exhibit permanent endovascular fixation during acrylic embolization because of a weaker catheter-NBCA bond and because of reduced catheter friction (allowing a larger portion of any applied catheter withdrawal force to be transmitted to the catheter tip with less force dissipated along the catheter resulting in stretch). A significant difference in NBCA types (Histoacryl and Avacryl) was discovered: Avacryl developed a significantly weaker bond with all catheter types.
Embolization, Therapeutic↗
The treatment of acutely ruptured cerebral aneurysms: endovascular therapy versus surgery.
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Aneurysm, Ruptured↗
Percutaneous polymethylmethacrylate vertebroplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures: technical aspects.
PURPOSE: To describe a technique for percutaneous vertebroplasty of osteoporotic vertebral body compression fractures and to report early results of its use. METHODS: The technique was used over a 3-year period in 29 patients with 47 painful vertebral fractures. The technique involves percutaneous puncture of the involved vertebra(e) via a transpedicular approach followed by injection of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) into the vertebral body. RESULTS: The procedure was technically successful in all patients, with an average injection amount of 7.1 mL PMMA per vertebral body. Two patients sustained single, nondisplaced rib fractures during the procedure; otherwise, no clinically significant complications were noted. Twenty-six patients (90%) reported significant pain relief immediately after treatment. CONCLUSION: Vertebroplasty is a valuable tool in the treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures, providing acute pain relief and early mobilization in appropriate patients.
Adult↗