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Biomedical subjects

J M McIntyre

Publications and source records attributed to J M McIntyre.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Giant synovial cyst of the shoulder presenting as a chest wall mass.

Synovial cysts are most frequently found about the knee. Less commonly they have been described at the shoulder, elbow, ankle, and hip joints. Synovial cysts of the shoulder are associated with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, chronic steroid use, Charcot joint disease, and long-standing rotator cuff tears. Although often asymptomatic, patients may present complaining of pain, loss of joint motion, or presence of an unexplained mass. The authors present the case of an elderly man with a very large synovial cyst presenting as an anterior chest wall mass.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Erosion.

With the current substantial decline in dental caries in adults, and increasing retention of teeth into old age, dental erosion is now being recognised as a major cause of tooth damage. It is easily recognised in its more advanced form, though more difficult to detect in its initial stages. Its mechanisms of action is generally not well understood. In this paper, current concepts of the chemistry of demineralisation of the mineral components of teeth are examined, with view to their providing a better understanding of some of the clinical characteristics of dental erosion of enamel. Categories and properties of potential erosive substances are reviewed. Speculation as to the potential effects of erosive substances on exposed root surfaces leads to consideration of the possible relationship between erosion and rapid caries development. The more commonly recommended mechanisms of control or prevention of erosion are described, and the rationale of their use analysed.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1988

A case-control study of congenital malformations and occupational exposure to low-level ionizing radiation.

In a case-control study, the authors investigated the association of parental occupational exposure to low-level external whole-body penetrating ionizing radiation and risk of congenital malformations in their offspring. Cases and controls were ascertained from births in two counties in southeastern Washington State, where the Hanford Site has been a major employer. A unique feature of this study was the linking of quantitative individual measurement of external whole-body penetrating ionizing radiation exposure of employees at the Hanford Site, using personal dosimeters, and the disease outcome, congenital malformations. The study population included 672 malformation cases and 977 matched controls from births occurring from 1957 through 1980. Twelve specific malformation types were analyzed for evidence of association with employment of the parents at Hanford and with occupational exposure to ionizing radiation. Two defects, congenital dislocation of the hip and tracheoesophageal fistula, showed statistically significant associations with employment of the parents at Hanford, but not with parental radiation exposure. Neural tube defects showed a significant association with parental preconception exposure, on the basis of a small number of cases. Eleven other defects, including Down syndrome, for which an association with radiation was considered most likely, showed no evidence of such an association. When all malformations were analyzed as a group, there was no evidence of an association with employment of the parents at Hanford, but the relation of parental exposure to radiation before conception was in the positive direction (one-tailed p value between 0.05 and 0.10). Given the number of statistical tests conducted, some or all of the observed positive correlations are likely to represent false positive findings. In view of strong contradictory evidence, based on no demonstrated effects in genetic studies of atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, it is unlikely that these correlations result from a cause and effect association with parental radiation exposure.

Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced↗
PubMed1988

The prevalence at birth of congenital malformations in communities near the Hanford site.

The authors examined the prevalence of congenital malformations among births in Benton and Franklin counties, in southeastern Washington State, from 1968 through 1980. The Hanford Site is in this area and serves as a major employer. In addition, various agriculturally and chemically related activities are in the area. Hospital and vital records were used to identify 454 malformation cases among 23,319 births; this yielded a malformation rate of 19.6 per 1,000 births, a rate similar to those reported in other studies. The rates of specific malformations ascertained during the first year of life were compared with combined rates from the states of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho from the Birth Defects Monitoring Program. Among defects that would be expected to be comparably ascertained, a statistically significant elevated rate of neural tube defects was observed (1.72 per 1,000 births vs. 0.99 per 1,000). Rates of cleft lip were significantly lower in Benton and Franklin counties than in the Birth Defects Monitoring Program (0.59 per 1,000 vs. 1.17 per 1,000). For congenital heart defects, pyloric stenosis, and Down syndrome, which are often not diagnosed in the newborn period, Birth Defects Monitoring Program data did not offer appropriate comparisons. The rates of these defects did not appear to be elevated in relation to rates found in other relevant populations. When rates of neural tube defects were compared with those in populations other than the Birth Defects Monitoring Program, the Benton and Franklin county rates were still considered to be elevated. The increased bicounty rate cannot be explained by employment of the parents at Hanford or by the impact of plant emissions on the local population.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1982

The establishment of a course to train dental hygienists in South Australia: an evaluation after three years.

South Australia was the first State to legislate for the introduction of dental hygienists in Australia. A training course was established in 1975, and accepted ten trainees each year until 1980. The course was one year full-time, and it's content was based initially on recommendations by the General Dental Council of Great Britain for the training of hygienists. This was augmented with increased content in the behavioural science area and a topic approach to programming. The nature of the programme, selection, and assessment of students is discussed. Indications are that the course is well accepted by the majority of hygienists and their employing dentists from both the public and private sector.

Australia↗