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Biomedical subjects

J M McKee

Publications and source records attributed to J M McKee.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Prevalence and risk factors of chorioamnionitis among adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of chorioaminionitis and unique risk factors for this disorder among adolescents under 18 years of age. METHODS: At their first prenatal visit we interviewed 352 adolescents who received prenatal care and delivered an infant at our institution between April 20, 1992, and November 10, 1994, to elicit information on demographic characteristics and behavioral risk factors. Retrospective chart review confirmed the presence of chorioamnionitis using accepted clinical criteria. We determined reproductive history, evidence of sexually transmitted disease, duration of labor, use of oxytocin, an internal uterine pressure monitor or conduction anesthesia, timing and duration of ruptured membranes, type of delivery, and infant birth weight from review of subjects' charts. Logistic regression analysis was used to develop adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk factors of chorioaminionitis. RESULTS: Ten percent (34 of 352) of adolescents met the clinical definition for chorioamnionitis. Alcohol and tobacco use during pregnancy (OR 7.6; 95% CI 2.3, 25.8) and being married or living with a partner (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.1, 6.5) were significantly associated with chorioamnionitis, as was conduction anesthesia (OR 4.1; 95% CI 1.1, 15.4), a second stage labor longer than 2 hours (OR 3.5; 95% CI 1.4, 8.5), and rupture of the membranes longer than 18 hours (OR 6.9; 95% CI 2.5, 18.9). Parity or preterm delivery did not differ significantly between those with or without chorioamnionitis. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that in addition to risk factors observed in adults, adolescents who concurrently use tobacco and alcohol during pregnancy, are married or living with a male partner, and have conduction anesthesia are at increased risk for chorioamnionitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Cues to action in prostate cancer screening.

PURPOSES/OBJECTIVES: To describe factors that cue men of all ages to participate in prostate cancer screening programs and to explore the relationship of age to the rating of the cues. DESIGN: Exploratory survey. SETTING: A large community prostate cancer screening program in the Midwest. SAMPLE: 127 men (mean = 66.3 years of age) who participated in community prostate screening. METHODS: Subjects completed and returned by mail the 13-item Prostate Screening Follow-Up Questionnaire developed, piloted, and refined by the investigator for measuring the rating of the cues to action. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Results of the rating of each cue to action, selected demographic variables, and comparison of the cue ratings by age group. FINDINGS: Appointment scheduling, reminder cards, a friend/family member with cancer, and newspaper promotion were perceived by the sample as most influential in their decision to have prostate cancer screening. No practical significant differences in cue ratings were found between the two age groups: 70 years of age and older and less than 70 years of age. CONCLUSION: Reminder cards, specific appointments, and newspaper promotion should be used when structuring community prostate cancer screening programs. Men who have a friend or family member with cancer may be more likely to participate in screening activities. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: By incorporating influential cues to action into their everyday practice, nurses can be instrumental in reaching the population of men who are at risk for prostate cancer. Strategies for promoting prostate cancer screening should include: educating patients and family members about prostate cancer screening guidelines, using specific influential promotional practices when setting up prostate screening programs, and networking with seniors programs in the community.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The cellblock token economy: token reinforcement procedures in a maximum security correctional institution for adult male felons.

Two experiments were conducted (1) to explore the application of token reinforcement procedures in a maximum security correctional institution for adult male felons and (2) to determine to what extent the reinforcement procedures disrupted the day-to-day lives of inmate participants. In Experiment 1, an expanded reversal design revealed that the combination of praise and token reinforcement was more effective than the combinations of praise and noncontingent token award or direct commands on four common institutional activities. The latter two combinations were not found to be any more effective than praise alone. Experiment 2, which also employed a reversal design, indicated that the high levels of performance observed during the token reinforcement phases of Experiment 1 could be attained without subjecting participants to undue hardship in the form of increased deprivation of either social intercourse or the opportunity to engage in recreational and entertainment activities. Client safeguards are discussed in detail.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Complications of intravenous therapy: a randomized prospective study--Vialon vs. Teflon.

For the past two decades, the vast majority of vascular-access devices used in I.V. catheterization have been made of Teflon material. More recent developments in material science have produced the Vialon biomaterial currently used in the Insyte I.V. catheter. This prospective, randomized study compared the length of venous dwell time and rate of I.V.-related complications of Teflon peripheral I.V. catheters and Vialon peripheral I.V. catheters. The study population included only the most difficult peripheral I.V. access patients. Conditions of insertion, monitoring, and care were carefully controlled by the investigators. An alternate assignment scheme was used for randomization of eligible patients. Of 247 catheters evaluated over a six-week period in a 550-bed community tertiary care hospital, 191 were evaluable; of these, equivalent numbers were made of Vialon and Teflon. This investigation found that the incidence of phlebitis in the group receiving Vialon I.V. catheters was 36 percent lower than that of the group receiving Teflon I.V. catheters.

Catheterization, Peripheral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human immunodeficiency virus: healthcare worker safety issues.

No country or social group is immune from acquiring the human immunodeficiency virus. Among healthcare workers, nurses account for a large percentage of people who seroconvert accidentally. This article will provide a review of the status of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome epidemic, discuss infection control guidelines, and suggest prophylactic measures for the prevention of transmission in the healthcare setting.

Female↗