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Biomedical subjects

J M Mur

Publications and source records attributed to J M Mur.

86 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

[Study of the correlations between the volumes of the hypophysis, the epiphysis and the subfornical organ to the somatic weight and the volume of the hypothalamus in rodents].

The correlations between volume of the hypophysis, of the epiphysis and of the subfornical organ to body weight and volume of the hypothalamus were studied on 193 rodents belonging to 41 species. Concerning the volume of the hypophyseal lobes the regression slopes of Rodentia occupy an intermediate position between those of Isectivora and Prosimians studied by BAUCHOT. The volume of the epiphysis increases more rapidly with the weight of the body than that of the hypophyseal lobes, the volume of the subfornical organ increases on the contrary more slowly.

Africa↗
PubMed1975

[Spleen enhancement reactions in chick embryo after homografting adult chicken spleen fragments: changes in spleen cell population in relation to rate of spleen enhancement].

A method using the comparison between the modifications of spleen weight and on spleen smears visible modifications of the distribution into categories of cells which are classified by the mean of their maturation degree, suggested that these both types of modifications are bound. Therefore, the classic cytological study seems to be a really good tool for analysing the effects of this kind of grafting on the haemopoietic organs, the weight modifications of which are difficult to measure. On the other hand, this method allowed us to see that the distribution of the cell population in the weakly enlarged spleens is very different from both distribution of the population in the strongly enlarged spleens and the controls ones ; this heterogeneity of the stimulating effect of the graft asked us the question whether this one could exerce its influence by the mean of two different ways, at least, or by only one.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Decrease of in vitro serum protein binding of salicylate in rheumatoid arthritis.

Free and bound fractions of salicylates were separated by equilibrium dialysis and measured by spectrofluorimetry in 27 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in 16 controls. The results showed that in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the binding of salicylate to proteins decreased in an overproportional manner with the decrease of serum albumin concentrations. This phenomenon was linked with the severity of the inflammatory syndrome. The saturation binding capacity per unit of protein concentration was lower in the patients suffering from active forms of the condition, a finding which suggests that the changes observed are not due only to quantitative changes in the serum albumins. This study confirms the importance of determining free salicylate concentrations in the treatment of patients with inflammatory diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identification ability of the first five letters of Christian name and surname.

Identifiers must be easy for access and discrimination. Usual identification by surname and christian name is convenient, for these two identifiers are almost always available. Their discrimination ability was studied in terms of the theory of information and the rate of homonymy. In the French language, the first five letters of the surname provide information equal to 12.11 bits and the rate of homonymy is about 0.659%. If one adds the first three letters of the first name, the gain in the quantity of information is 1.68 bits and the rate of homonymy becomes 0.087%. So the first five letters of a surname and the first three letters of a christian name ensure a relatively satisfactory identification and may constitute a significant way of reinforcing the discrimination power of another identification system.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of chronic exposure to diisocyanates.

The pulmonary effects of chronic exposure to isocyanates (mainly MDI) at low levels (less than 0.02 ppm) were studied in a five year longitudinal survey of workers from two factories producing polyurethane foam. A respiratory questionnaire, flow volume curves and a single breath CO diffusion test were done at the beginning of the survey and repeated five years later; 318 workers (214 men, 104 women) of whom 83 (group I) were unexposed, 117 indirectly exposed (group II) and 118 directly exposed to isocyanates (group III) were examined. Five years later, half of the initial cohort only was still active and re-examined. The longitudinal analysis distinguished unexposed workers at both examinations (group A), indirectly at both examinations (group. B), directly exposed at both examinations (group. C) and workers exposed directly at first examination and retired from risk at the second (group. D). The decline of VC and FEV1 was not significantly different between exposed and unexposed. On the contrary, DLCO declined significantly in group C compared to the others. The results indicate that even at 'safe levels', chronic exposure to isocyanates involved a respiratory risk.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Toxicity and pharmacokinetics of zirconium oxychloride in mice and rats].

The experimental toxicity of zirconium compounds is examined in the Mouse (acute toxicity) and in the Rat (short time toxicity). The absorption, the distribution and the elimination of zirconium are evaluated by zirconium cation assay in some biological fluids and tissues. After a single oral dose, zirconium oxyd is not toxic, zirconium oxychlorure slightly toxic and zirconium chlorure moderately toxic. At certain concentrations, cerebral and pulmonary disorders are observed, particularly with zirconium chlorure. In considering molar toxicity, the studied zirconium compounds are more toxic than certain aluminium salts mentioned in the literature. The zirconium oxychlorure doesn't influence the growth curve after iterative administrations (0.23 g zirconium/kg/day). Only a weak fraction of administered zirconium is absorbed and is electively fixed in the ovaries, in a lesser degree in the lung and the bone. In the ovary the zirconium induces vascular variation (hypervascularization) which appear one month after the end of the treatment. The absorbed zirconium is eliminated by the urinary tract. The fecal elimination can be essentially explained by an important quantity of non absorbed zirconium.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pulmonary function indices: variability, predicted values and discriminating power (author's transl)].

Flow/volume curves, single-breath N2 washout curves, single-breath and steady-state carbon monoxide diffusion tests were performed on 229 firemen (aged 20 to 55 years) and repeated one week later on 183 of them. According to a questionnaire, 58 were asymptomatic non-smokers, 130 were asymptomatic smokers and 34 were smokers with symptoms of cough with or without sputum. Intra-individual variability of indices determined from tests performed at a week interval is not always aleatory and it is different in the three groups. It is the same for inter-individual variability which is lowest in asymptomatic smokers and highest in symptomatic smokers. Age and height were the most important factors in inter-individual variability for spirometric indices but do not affect the variability of the slope of N2 curve (delta N2) or fractional uptakes of CO. The ratio of residual variance (adjusted for age and morphometric parameters) on intra-individual variance indicated the choice of "sensitive" functional indices. This choice may be reached in a different way by comparison of means of groups distinguished according to symptoms or smoking habits. Reference equations for indices derived from each test are proposed. The problem of the choice of "sensitive" indices and the problem of reference groups and reference values are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The sleep apnea syndrome].

The authors presents an pathologic entity whose importance has been outlined in the last few years: sleep apnea syndromes. They insisted on the level of study of this syndrome in western countries. They presents the etiology, the pathophysiology and the main complication and they emphasizes the risks of traffic accidents due to the fall asleep and the cardiovascular complication. The therapeutical possibilities depending on the evolutive stage has been surveyed.

Chronic Disease↗