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Biomedical subjects

J M Nyce

Publications and source records attributed to J M Nyce.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

How to avoid long-term sickness absence: the advice from women with personal experience.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe women's perceptions of what can be done to avoid extended sickness absence with following suffering and passivity. METHODS: Qualitative interviews were conducted with 82 women who had been on sickness absence (60 days or more) or were receiving disability pensions. The data were analysed using phenomenological methods. RESULTS: To be able to get back to work was found to be equivalent to breaking away from the prospect of isolation and loneliness. To support this, four parties were identified along with suggestions for their actions: the healthcare professionals, the woman who is on sick leave herself, the employer, and the social insurance official. Most interestingly, the family and close relatives were almost not mentioned at all. The results are connected to a theoretical model of distress in terms of enduring and suffering. CONCLUSIONS: It is necessary to look more carefully at how women on sickness absence use the resources in the world (like their families) to get well. More generally, the task is to understand why society deals insufficiently with women who need time off and cannot keep up with their duties because of illness.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Towards productive Knowledge-Based Systems in clinical organizations: a methods perspective.

This paper discusses an approach towards Knowledge-Based Systems (KBS) development which emphazises fit in the clinical organization, utility and safety. KBS design is identified as a subset of Decision Support System (DSS) design, and experiences from use of development methods is made available from the more general field. Generic and specific issues related to making KBS development result in systems used in clinical practice are discussed, and an integration of the Logic Engineering KBS technique into the Action Design DSS requirements specification method is outlined. Group-based knowledge modeling is identified as the bridge between the methods. It is concluded that while Action Design provides organizational validation (Are we building the right system?), Logic Engineering adds on KBS design verification (Are we going to build the system right?).

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1993

Work, knowledge and argument in specialist consultations: incorporating tacit knowledge into system design and development.

To understand how video telephone technology could support consultations between pathologists and surgeons, this study looked at what constitutes 'work' in clinical consultations. Using several methods (participant observation, video and interviews), we found pathologists and surgeons both share and do not share similar understandings of what a consultation is, what one should achieve in a consultation, and what in fact constitutes a 'successful' consultation. Furthermore, the same objects of consultation (the products of 'offstage' work) can be used and defined quite differently depending on how a consultation is framed. Differences and disjunctions like these have to be better understood if computer-supported cooperative healthcare work (CSCHW) applications are to be adopted and accepted.

Communication↗
PubMed1992

Patients comment on video-recorded consultations--the "good" GP and the "bad".

The aim of this study was to describe and understand patients' positive and negative experiences of General Practitioners (GPs). Forty-six consultations were videotaped in four primary health care centres in Sweden. Afterwards the patients commented on the recorded consultations. The comments were categorized and analyzed using an exploratory qualitative approach. An image of the "good" GP emerged that had two major characteristics: that of being a caring human; an individual who listens, understands, and is concerned. At the same time, the good GP acts like an ordinary person and treats the patient as an equal. The personal relationship with the GP also influenced the choice and course of medical interventions. For the patient, the manner in which an intervention is seen is linked to whether the GPs treats the patient with respect or not. A typical experience of a "bad" GP was that the GP appeared unreachable as a person. An example is when the patient feels that the GP was not taking his or her symptoms seriously. Another characteristic of the bad GP is failure to communicate to the patient his or her standpoint on issues raised during consultations.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Dilemmas at a primary health care center: a baseline study for computer-supported cooperative health care work.

For the development of computer-supported cooperative health care work this study investigated, based upon activity theory, daily dilemmas encountered by the members of interprofessional primary health care work groups. The entire staff at four Swedish primary health care centers were surveyed, 199 personal interviews being conducted by the Critical Incident Technique. Medical dilemmas were mainly reported by general practitioners and nurses, organizational dilemmas by laboratory staff, nurses' aides, and secretaries, and dilemmas in the patient-provider relation by nurses, nurses' aides, and secretaries. Organizational and communication dilemmas reported by nurses, nurses' aides, and secretaries often had their cause outside the control of the individual professional. These dilemmas were often "caused" by other group members (general practitioners or nurses), e.g., by not keeping appointment times or by not sharing information with patients. The implication for computer-supported cooperative health care work is that computer support should be planned on two levels. Collective work activity as a whole should benefit from individual clinical decision support for general practitioners and nurses. However, since most patient communication and organizational problems occurred at group level, group process support is required in these areas.

Ambulatory Care Information Systems↗
PubMed1992

Developing a clinical hypermedia corpus: experiences from the use of a practice-centered method.

This paper outlines a practice-centered method for creation of a hypermedia corpus. It also describes experiences with creating such a corpus of information to support interprofessional work at a Primary Healthcare Center. From these experiences, a number of basic issues regarding information systems development within medical informatics will be discussed.

Hospital Information Systems↗