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Biomedical subjects

J M Reimer

Publications and source records attributed to J M Reimer.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Isolation of transcriptionally active umbilical cord blood-derived basophils expressing Fc epsilon RI, HLA-DR and CD203c.

BACKGROUND: Basophils are inflammatory cells associated with allergy and parasite infections. Investigation of their true biological function has long been hampered by the difficulty in obtaining sufficient amounts of pure basophils and by the lack of phenotypic markers. Moreover, it has been very difficult to clone and identify basophil-specific granule proteins, partially because of an almost complete lack of mRNA in mature circulating basophils. METHODS: To obtain transcriptionally active immature basophils, umbilical cord blood cells were cultured in the presence of interleukin (IL)-3. The cells were analysed by flow cytometry and by histological staining. RESULTS: The continuous presence of IL-3 in cord blood cultures resulted in the expansion of basophil precursors co-expressing FcepsilonRI and the recently described mast cell/basophil marker, 97A6 (CD203c). Several nonbasophil markers (i.e. CD3, CD14, CD15, CD16, CD19 and CD21) were absent on the cultured basophils. However, we show that in early cultures, almost 60% of the CD203c+ cells co-express human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR, a marker that is absent on mature circulating basophils. The presence of HLA-DR on basophil precursors may explain the low recovery (24+/-5.2%) obtained after isolation of cultured basophils, when using a conventional basophil isolation kit that removes HLA-DR+ cells. A novel purification method was developed, including a two-step cocktail of antibodies against selected markers, which resulted in both high purity (95+/-0.5%) and recovery (59+/-1.5%) of cultured basophils. CONCLUSIONS: We here establish cord blood cultures as a source from which transcriptionally active basophil precursors can be isolated in reasonable quantities for thorough biochemical characterization.

Basophils↗
PubMed2000

Twin reduction in the mare: current options.

Twin pregnancy in the mare causes economic loss. Early transrectal ultrasonographic detection of twins and manual crush of one embryonic vesicle is the method of choice for managing equine twins (90% success rate). Transcutaneous and transvaginal ultrasound-guided twin reduction techniques are described for twin pregnancies that advance beyond 25 days of gestation. Reported success rates for the ultrasound-guided procedures are 50% and 20%, respectively.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed2000

Uroperitoneum in the hospitalised equine neonate: retrospective study of 31 cases, 1988-1997.

Historical, physical and diagnostic data were reviewed retrospectively in 31 equine neonates with uroperitoneum. Gender predilection was not observed, and classic electrolyte abnormalities were seen in less than 50% of the cases. Aetiologies for uroperitoneum have been well described, but this review found that septicaemia/severe illness played a crucial role the outcome of uroperitoneum. Approximately half the individuals with uroperitoneum had positive sepsis scores. Foals receiving fluid therapy were more likely to be septic and to have normal electrolyte concentrations. Ultrasonographic findings, serum creatinine and serum:peritoneal creatinine ratios were not affected by previous fluid therapy and were invaluable aids in the diagnosis of uroperitoneum, even with multisystemic disease such as sepsis.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1994

Sonographic findings in horses with mediastinal lymphosarcoma: 13 cases (1985-1992).

Sonographic findings correlated with necropsy findings in 8 of 9 horses in which the cranial portion of the mediastinum was evaluated by use of both methods. Cranial mediastinal masses were imaged as multilobular and homogeneously hypoechoic; a complex echogenic pattern was observed with necrosis within the mass. Pleural effusion was a common finding in horses with mediastinal lymphosarcoma. Cytologic evaluation of pleural fluid samples was useful in diagnosis of lymphosarcoma in 10 of 12 horses that had thoracentesis. Sonographic examination of the thorax and cranial portion of the mediastinum can aid in the diagnosis of mediastinal lymphosarcoma in horses. Such examination should be performed in horses with clinical signs of cranial vena cava obstruction in which pleural effusion is detected, or when thoracic lymphosarcoma is suspected.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Examination of the foal.

Recent advances in veterinary diagnostics have improved our ability to diagnose and treat foal diseases. However, these advances do not replace the physical examination as the most valuable diagnostic aid available to the equine practitioner. The basic physical examination provides the majority of information needed to make a presumptive diagnosis, provide a direction for ancillary tests, and formulate a plan for emergency therapy if needed.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Power orientation: a study of female nurse and non-nurse managers.

Researchers studied the power orientations of female managers as related to career choice, education level, age, and years as a manager. The questionnaire includes six orientations to power: 1) power as good; 2) power as resource dependency; 3) power as instinctive drive; 4) power as political; 5) power as charisma; and 6) power as control and autonomy. Discerning power may explain how one perceives the managerial position.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed1993

Pharmacokinetics of digoxin administered to horses with congestive heart failure.

Nine horses with (naturally acquired) congestive heart failure were treated with 2.2 micrograms of digoxin/kg of body weight by the IV route, followed by 11 micrograms/kg administered orally every 12 hours thereafter. Furosemide was administered IV concurrently with IV administered digoxin every 12 hours. Serum concentration of digoxin was measured after the first (IV) and seventh (orally administered) dose. After IV administration, digoxin disposition was described by a 2-compartment model, with a rapid distribution phase (t1/2 alpha = 0.17 hour), followed by a slower elimination phase (beta = 0.096 +/- 0.055 h-1, t1/2 beta = 7.2 hours, where beta is the exponential term from the elimination phase of the concentration vs time curve). Bioavailability after oral administration was 21.2 +/- 10.8%. After the seventh orally administered dose, serum concentration of digoxin peaked 1 to 2 hours later, and was 1.9 +/- 0.7 ng/ml (mean +/- SD). In 4 horses, a second increase in serum digoxin concentration was observed 4 to 8 hours after the initial peak, which possibly was evidence of enterohepatic recycling of the drug. Response to treatment included reduction in heart rate, peripheral edema, and pulmonary edema, but these could not be attributed to the digoxin alone because the horses were treated concurrently with furosemide.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Ventricular arrhythmias in horses: 21 cases (1984-1989).

Ventricular premature depolarizations (VPD) were identified in 21 horses in which unexplained tachycardia or an arrhythmia was detected on auscultation. Horses were categorized into 3 groups on the basis of ECG findings. Seven horses had uniform isolated VPD (group 1); 7 horses had repetitive uniform VPD at a rate < 100 VPD/min (group 2); and 7 horses had either multiform VPD, R-on-T, or > or = 100 VPD/min (group 3). Concurrent systemic disease was identified in 12 horses, 7 of which had gastrointestinal tract disorders. Serum cardiac isoenzyme activities were high in 6 (2 from each group) of 13 horses in which they were measured. Serum electrolyte concentrations were normal in all but 1 of 11 horses in which they were measured. Antiarrhythmic drugs were given to 9 horses (all of which were in group 2 or group 3), 6 of which converted to sinus rhythm. Two horses that had R-on-T in the ECG died shortly after initiation of antiarrhythmic treatment. An accelerated idioventricular rhythm persisted in 1 horse for at least 8 months and failed to respond to antiarrhythmic drugs. Ventricular premature depolarizations resolved or decreased considerably in frequency in 11 horses without the administration of antiarrhythmic agents. Treatment in these horses included therapy for any underlying systemic disease, corticosteroids, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, or stall rest. The remaining horse was euthanatized several hours after hospitalization. Five horses died or were euthanatized either during hospitalization or several months after being discharged. Myocardial lesions were identified at necropsy in 2 horses.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Postsurgical ventricular tachycardia in a horse.

A 2-year-old Thoroughbred racehorse developed ventricular tachycardia after elective laryngoplasty and ventriculectomy were performed while anesthesia was maintained with halothane. During surgery, the horse became febrile and developed transient mild hypercarbia. The horse was treated with an IV infusion of quinidine gluconate. Continuous electrocardiographic monitoring was used to evaluate cardiac rhythm during treatment, and conversion was achieved after 12 hours of IV infusion. The inciting cause for the arrhythmia was not determined.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1992

Echocardiographic diagnosis of an anomaly of the tricuspid valve in a male pygmy goat.

A 3-year-old male pygmy goat was evaluated because of a grade III/V plateau pansystolic murmur that was auscultated over the tricuspid valve area and a grade II/V plateau pansystolic murmur that was auscultated over the left heart base. Echocardiography revealed a large right atrium and ventricle, an atrial septal defect, and a dysplastic tricuspid valve displaced apically into the right ventricle. Contrast echocardiography and color-flow Doppler echocardiography revealed flow from right to left through the atrial septal defect and severe tricuspid regurgitation. A diagnosis of tricuspid valve dysplasia and severe tricuspid regurgitation was made. This anomaly (Ebstein's anomaly) of the tricuspid valve should be considered in goats that have systolic, with or without diastolic, murmurs over the tricuspic valve. Two-dimensional echocardiography can confirm the diagnosis of the anomaly. The associated tricuspid regurgitation and interatrial right-to-left shunt flow can be detected and semiquantitated by use of contrast, continuous wave, and color-flow Doppler echocardiography.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Echocardiographic detection of pulmonic valve rupture in a horse with right-sided heart failure.

Pulmonic valve rupture was determined to be the cause of severe right-sided heart failure in a 20-year-old Thoroughbred gelding. A flail in the intermediate pulmonic valve cusp was detected by 2-dimensional echocardiography. Significant pulmonic and tricuspid valvular regurgitation were confirmed by Doppler echocardiography. Despite treatment, the horse's condition deteriorated, and euthanasia was performed. At necropsy, a tear in the pulmonary artery extending into the right valve cusp and a tear at the base of the intermediate valve cusp were identified at the junction of the right and intermediate pulmonic valve cusps. Careful echocardiographic evaluation of the pulmonic valve is warranted for horses with right-sided heart failure, for which more common causes cannot be found.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of small-intestinal intussusception in three foals.

Small-intestinal intussusceptions were diagnosed in 3 foals. Cross-sectional ultrasonography through the apex of the intussusceptum revealed a target-like pattern with a thick hypoechoic rim. The thick hypoechoic rim was caused by severe edema of the entering and returning walls of the intussusceptum. At the more proximal portion of the intestines, where parietal edema was less severe, the image appeared as 2 concentric rings and an inner circular area. The outer ring and inner circular area were hypoechoic and represented the returning and the entering wall of the intussusceptum. An additional cross-sectional pattern can be described as double concentric rings, with the inner lumen represented by a central echogenic core. Longitudinal scannings of the involved intestinal section revealed a different view of the same anatomic situation, with 2 hyperechoic areas delineated by 3 stripes of hypoechoic intestine. Ultrasonography of a foal's abdomen provides a clinician with a rapid noninvasive technique that may aid in the differential that may aid in the differential diagnosis of colic. The ultrasonographic diagnosis of intussusception may improve the recognition of a surgical lesion and improve the potential for successful treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Ultrasonography as a diagnostic aid in horses with anaerobic bacterial pleuropneumonia and/or pulmonary abscessation: 27 cases (1984-1986).

The medical records of 83 horses with pleuropneumonia and/or pulmonary abscessation, in which thoracic sonography was used, were reviewed. The sonograms of these horses were reviewed retrospectively for free gas echoes within pleural or abscess fluid. Anaerobic infection was confirmed in 27 horses, and gas echoes were observed in 21 horses. There was a significant (P less than 0.001) correlation between the observation of gas echoes and anaerobic infection in horses with pleuropneumonia and/or pulmonary abscessation. A foul odor to the breath or pleural fluid was significantly (P less than 0.001) associated with anaerobic infection. Poor survival rates were associated with gas echoes or a foul odor to the breath or pleural fluid, both of which were associated with anaerobic infection. Gas echoes within pleural or abscess fluid were found to be a sensitive and specific indicator of anaerobic infection, as was a putrid odor to the breath or pleural fluid. Evaluation for gas echoes and foul odor had better predictive value than did evaluation for gas echoes or foul odor alone. Gas echoes within pleural or abscess fluid is highly suggestive of anaerobic infection. Ultrasonography should be performed repeatedly in horses with pleuropneumonia to assess the progression or resolution of pleural and parenchymal disease. The detection of gas echoes on subsequent ultrasonograms may indicate the development of anaerobic infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Diagnosis and surgical correction of patent ductus venosus in a calf.

Patent ductus venosus was diagnosed in a 10-week-old Holstein heifer with acute onset of collapse and marked tenesmus. Additional clinical signs observed during the course of hospitalization included depression, anorexia, hind limb ataxia, bruxism, and poor growth. Clinicopathologic test results included high blood ammonia concentration, prolonged sulfobromophthalein half-life, and high serum bile acid concentration. Liver biopsy revealed mild periportal fibrosis, but no appreciable hepatocyte atrophy. Mesenteric portography and percutaneous ultrasonography confirmed the patent ductus venosus. An atrial septal defect prosthesis was placed in the ductus venosus, using a catheterization technique. After surgery, however, clinicopathologic test results were unchanged. Ultrasonography revealed that the prosthesis had pulled away from one side of the vessel. When the calf was 10.5 months old, surgical correction was achieved by a transhepatic ligation technique. Ultrasonography confirmed closure of the ductus venosus during and after surgery. Blood ammonia and serum bile acid concentrations and sulfobromophthalein half-life were normal 3 weeks after surgery. The calf had no further episodes of hepatoencephalopathy and was successfully bred at 18 months of age.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Multicentric papillary cystadenoma in the udder of a cow.

A mammary gland neoplasm was identified at necropsy in a 9-year-old ovariectomized Holstein cow with a 1-year history of an enlarged left hindquarter. A sterile serous secretion was expressed from the quarter. The cow developed Corynebacterium pyogenes infection in the quarter one year later and died of secondary complications. The left hindquarter was found to contain multiple cysts. The histologic diagnosis was multicentric papillary cystadenoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Small colon intussusception in a broodmare.

A 9-year-old pregnant Standardbred broodmare was evaluated for signs of mild abdominal pain, failure to defecate, and mild abdominal distention. Rectal examination revealed the leading edge of a small colon intussusception, and peritoneal fluid analysis indicated suppurative peritonitis. Surgical management, including reduction of the intussusception and small colon resection with end-to-end anastomosis, resulted in successful outcome (1-year follow-up evaluation). Postoperative complications including dehiscence of the ventral midline surgical incision and simple obstruction at the anastomosis site necessitated a second surgical procedure. Small colon intussusception is an uncommon cause of signs of abdominal pain and is similar to type-IV rectal prolapse.

Animals↗