[Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy: study of 12 cases].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J M Ribera.
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Tumour lysis syndrome is a well-known complication of lymphoid malignancies, but it has rarely been described in myeloproliferative disorders. A patient is reported with myeloblastic type of accelerated chronic granulocytic leukaemia who developed a tumour lysis syndrome following intensive chemotherapy. The most prominent manifestation of such a syndrome was hypocalcaemia, which was associated with other biochemical alterations, including hyperphosphataemia, hyperuricaemia and renal failure.
An 18-year-old woman with acute monoblastic leukemia presenting with cardiac tamponade is reported. Subxiphoid pericardiotomy was performed, and blast cells were observed in the pericardial fluid. The leukemia was refractory to chemotherapy and the patient died at three months from diagnosis, without recurrence of the pericardial effusion. In the review of the literature, only ten cases of cardiac tamponade as the first manifestation of acute leukemia have been found.
UNLABELLED: This clinical and surgical study was performed in a Public Government Hospital with the purpose of investigating the etiology and treatment of acute perforative abdomen in AIDS patients, particularly in the case of intestinal tuberculosis. The authors describe the cases of two young male AIDS patients with acute abdomen in which surgery revealed intestinal ileal perforation due to tuberculosis. One of the patients did not survive due to his poor post-operative condition. The other case had a better evolution and was submitted to outpatient care. The immediate surgery with occlusion of the perforation and biopsy of the lesion permitted to arrive at the etiology and contributed to the good evolution of the second patient. CONCLUSION: Literature indicates cytomegalovirus as the main cause of intestinal perforation in AIDS patients. In this study, etiology was tuberculous and this is probably an important cause of acute perforative abdomen in our AIDS patients due to the general prevalence of tuberculosis in AIDS patients in Brazil and in other developing countries.
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Recent reports suggest that non-A, non-B, non-C viruses might not be uncommon etiologic agents of hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia. A 52-year-old woman without previous contact with toxic substances or drugs developed severe aplastic anemia sixteen days after the onset of acute hepatitis. Even after exhaustive serologic testing for hepatotropic viruses and PCR study for hepatitis C virus the etiologic agent could not be demonstrated. Evolution was fatal despite treatment. In this case the time lapse between the onset of hepatitis and the development of aplasia was shorter than in previously referred incidents. This fact supports the hypothesis that different non-A, non-B, non-C agents might be implicated in hepatitis-associated aplasia.
Invasive tracheobronchial aspergillosis is an uncommon form of Aspergillus lung infection observed in immunocompromised patients. A 43-year-old patient diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia presented prolonged fever and hemoptysis during remission induction chemotherapy. The bronchoscopic examination showed pale mucosa with multiple raised white-colored nodules of 3 to 5 millimeters in diameter in all the bronchi. Hyphae of Aspergillus sp were observed in the biopsy of one of the nodules and in the examination of the bronchoalveolar lavage. Despite amphotericin B therapy, the patient developed bilateral necrotizing pneumonia and multiple abscesses in the brain and in the thyroid gland, and died. From a review of the literature in the Medline database, four similar cases (two in AIDS patients, one in lymphoma and the remaining case in an acute myeloid leukemia patient) have been reported.