A specific dopamine receptor blocker, spiroperidol (0.016, 0.032, 0.064 and 0.128 mg/kg) alone or in combined treatment with the centrally acting anticholinergic, dexetimide (0.5, 1.0 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally to rats pressing a lever for brain self-stimulation through electrodes implanted in the medial prefrontal cortex. The same treatment was also given to rats in which the spontaneous motor behaviour was measured. Spiroperidol produced a dose-related inhibtion of both self-stimulation and spontaneous motor activity. Dexetimide, given to spiroperidol treated rats, was able to antagonize the motor impairment produced by spiroperidol, but prefrontal cortex self-stimulation remained decreased. These data support the suggested role for dopamine in self-stimulation of the prefrontal cortex in the rat.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Primary aneurysms of carotid bifurcation: surgical management].

From 1980 to 2005, eight patients, four male and four female, age range between 33 to 86 years (average 55.2) with the diagnosis of primary aneurysm of the carotid bifurcation, underwent surgical management. Patients with postendarterectomy pseudo-aneurysms (also rotulated as "secondary") were excluded from the study, due to different pathogenic, clinical and therapeutic features. Four aneurysms were degenerative by nature, occurring in the older patients of the series. Some other etiologies include arterial fibrodysplasia, brucellosis, Behçet's disease and penetrating wound of the neck. All patients underwent the surgical resection of the aneurysm, followed by reestablishment of the carotid continuity in 6 cases; two patient had a definite ligation of the internal and external carotid artery, respectively. There was no operative mortality nor significant morbidity. From 1 to 25 years after the operation, three patients died for different reasons, two were lost for follow up and the remaining three are found alive and well. The main features of clinical presentation, etiology, diagnosis and surgical management of this entity are presented and discussed and compared with similar experiences reported in the international literature.

Adult↗