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Biomedical subjects

J M Ruiz

Publications and source records attributed to J M Ruiz.

51 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Nutritional status and cephalic duodenopancreatectomy in neoplasm treatment].

Usually, nutritional status of patients with neoplasia is poor. This is an important factor when the radical resection of the tumor implies aggressive surgery, and it has a clear influence on postoperative morbidity and mortality. From 1979 to 1988, 33 cephalic duodenopancreatectomies for carcinoma of the ampullary region have been carried out in the Servicio de Cirugía Digestiva, hospital "Santa Cruz y San Pablo". For retrospective evaluation of postoperative parenteral nutrition patients have been divided in two groups: group A, with routine parenteral nutrition and group B, with parenteral nutrition only if required. In group A, 75% of patients did not present postoperative morbidity, compared to 38% of patients in group B. There were 7 deaths: all of them in group B. The time of hospitalization was lower in group A. Differences in the three parameters under consideration was statistically significant. We conclude that, in order to improve morbidity and mortality as well as to reduce the hospitalization time, postoperative parenteral nutrition is necessary in patients submitted to cephalic duodenopancreatectomy for neoplasia.

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PubMed1990

Changes in small intestinal motility in acute physical stress--an experimental study.

The objectives of the present study were: 1) to describe the modifications in motility of the small intestine in response to situations of acute physical stress during fasting and post-prandial periods. 2) To analyse the possible involvement of the adrenergic and beta-endorphinergic systems in these modifications. For this we used a total of 60 dogs. The motility of the small intestine was recorded using electromyography techniques (monopolar electrodes) and manometric techniques (submucous microballoons). Plasma levels of beta-endorphin and catecholamines were determined before and after the stimulus. We show that physical stress applied in phases I or II of the fasting period induced a significant increase in the percentage of slow waves followed by the action potential for 1 minute in the three locations of the intestine studied (duodenum, angle of Treitz and proximal part of the jejunum), lasting from 8 to 12 minutes (p less than 0.001). When it is applied during the early post-prandial period it is responsible for a significant decrease in the percentage of slow waves followed by the action potential for 1 minute for a period of 6 to 11 minutes (p less than 0.001). The administration of adrenergic blockers prevents the effect of hypomotility caused by acute physical stress (p less than 0.001), whereas the administration of naloxone favors this hypomotility effect (p less than 0.001). Acute physical stress, on being applied during the late post-prandial period increases the percentage of slow waves followed by the action potential for 1 minute for a period of 8 minutes (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Cutaneous and renal geotrichosis in a giant tortoise (Geochelone elephantopus).

A case of cutaneous and renal geotrichosis in a giant tortoise, Geochelone elephantopus, at the Zoological Park of Barcelona is reported. Fungal hyphae and spores were seen in skin and kidney. Culture of these tissues yielded Geotrichum candidum. This fungus was isolated from the faeces of 5 other giant tortoises that were housed with the dead animal and from specimens of corn hydroponic culture which is part of their diet. Arthrospore suspensions of the 2 strains isolated from the dead animal's skin and kidney were experimentally inoculated into mice and turtles (Testudo horsfiedi) in order to determine the pathogenicity of G. candidum for animal tissues. Our results confirm its low pathogenicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Ventricular septal defect with aneurysm of the membranous septum and a parachute mitral valve. Echocardiographic findings.

The echocardiographic findings in a case of ventricular septal defect with aneurysm of the membranous septum and a parachute mitral valve, are analyzed. An abnormal linear echo was recorded within the left ventricular outflow tract and in the aortic root, and in close relationship with the tricuspid valve. No abnormal systolic echoes were seen neither anterior to the interventricular septum nor in the right ventricular outflow tract. The hypothesis that a parachute m. An abnormal linear echo was recorded within the left ventricular outflow tract and in the aortic root, and in close relationship with the tricuspid valve. No abnormal systolic echoes were seen neither anterior to the interventricular septum nor in the right ventricular outflow tract. The hypothesis that a parachute m. An abnormal linear echo was recorded within the left ventricular outflow tract and in the aortic root, and in close relationship with the tricuspid valve. No abnormal systolic echoes were seen neither anterior to the interventricular septum nor in the right ventricular outflow tract. The hypothesis that a parachute mitral valve without significant obstruction at the infravalvar level is not distinguishable echocardiographically from a normal mitral valve, is confirmed in this patient. This case example further clarifies the origin of the anterior cusp echo of the aorta, due to the close proximity between the membranous septum and the right aortic cusp.

Echocardiography↗
PubMed1978

Mycobacterium chelonei iatrogenic infections.

We report on two outbreaks of Mycobacterium chelonei subsp. abscessus cutaneous infections, which occurred between June 1974 and April 1975 in a series of 24 patients (15 studied bacteriologically) subjected to venous stripping for varicose veins. The source of infection was the aqueous solution of merbromin used in presurgical care.

Drug Contamination↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dumpton syndrome reduces the tributyltin (TBT) sterilising effect on Nucella lapillus (L.) by limiting the development of the imposed vas deferens.

TBT induces imposex and sterilisation in female Nucella lapillus. Interestingly, there are populations where individuals (both males and imposexed females) may suffer from a genetic aberration [Dumpton Syndrome (DS)] which results in the development of no penis (i.e. aphally). This anomaly confers a so far unexplained protection against TBT. Six populations with contrasting DS frequency were sampled; the imposex stage in females and the mean calibre of every vas deferens (VDC) were assessed. While the sex ratio in the 600 specimens examined was close to 1, aphally was more frequent in females than in males (31 and 7%, respectively). VDC was significantly higher in normal than in aphallic (DS) specimens, independently of sex and/or site. It is concluded that the vas deferens imposed by TBT onto DS females is less prone to develop thick enough so as to interfere with normal egg laying.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antioxidant status in a squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) with chronic pancreatitis and degenerative myopathy.

A squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) presented with wasting, vomiting and diarrhoea. Haematology revealed elevation of creatinine phosphokinase, lactic dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, amylase and lipase, together with azotaemia and hypoalbuminaemia. Prominent findings were chronic pancreatitis with acinar and ductal plugs, granulomatous and necrotizing peripancreatic steatitis, degenerative myopathy, testicular atrophy, candidiasis and bacterial necrotizing glossitis. Antioxidant analyses revealed low concentrations of serum vitamin E (and apparently A), hepatic selenium and hair zinc. Pancreatitis may have caused malabsorption and maldigestion, associated with deficiency of multiple antioxidants.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Immunosuppression and vaccinations].

Immunocompromised subjects have a higher risk of infection. Some infectious risks could be controlled by vaccination, carried out according to normal schedules, in the absence of effective curative treatment. According to the type of immunodeficiency and its severity, certain vaccines may be recommended, others should be avoided and still others may be used with no particular risk. Thus, in immuno-compromised subjects, vaccines consisting of inactivated, inert or dead microorganisms are indicated. In contrast, those consisting of live microbes are not recommended for several reasons: 1) there is a risk that the immunocompromised host will be unable to control infection with the vaccine; 2) there is a risk of an increase in viral replication, particularly in HIV-infected subjects and 3) there is a risk that the response of the immune system will be poor. HIV-infected individuals now account for most of the cases of secondary immuno-deficiency, following the emergence of AIDS in 1980. They are increasing in number, especially in developing countries, where antiretroviral treatment is not widely available. In this context, vaccinations against transmissible childhood viral and bacterial diseases (e.g. measles and polio) with a high prevalence is advisable, with modifications according to the risk of contagion and the degree of immunodeficiency. However, these vaccines do not target opportunist infections, the prognosis of which is poor and against which we have no vaccines. Other vaccines are recommended only for immunocompromised subjects visiting countries with specific epidemiological situations (endemic or epidemic diseases) or if vaccination is required by the country visited.

AIDS Vaccines↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Value of parenteral nutrition in total gastrectomy for cancer. A prospective study].

A prospective study is presented in which the impact of total parenteral nutrition (TNP) was analyzed in a group of 27 patients that underwent total gastrectomy due to gastric carcinoma (TGGC). Patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group I was formed by 15 patients and was treated systematically with TPN during the immediate postoperative period (POTPN). Group II was formed by 12 patients who were treated with conventional serum therapy during the immediate postoperative period. TPN was administered if enteral nutrition was not viable and/or patients presented complications. Both groups were similar regarding age, sex, previous illness, previous nutritional status (Preop PNI) and surgical technique used in GI transit reconstruction. Morbidity and mortality rates, nutritional status (PNI 5 days postop) and mean hospital stay were analyzed in both groups. Likewise, a retrospective comparison was made between the results obtained from this trial and those from a group of 44 patients with gastric carcinoma who underwent TGGC at our hospital a decade earlier and did not received TPN during the immediate postoperative period on a routine basis. When both series and Groups I and II were compared significant differences in mean hospital stay were observed in favor of Group I treated with routine TPN in the immediate postoperative period. There were no differences in the mortality rate when all groups were compared. It was concluded that TPN was useful in patients undergoing TGGC because it reduced postoperative mortality rate, decreased mean hospital stay and showed good cost/effectiveness correlation.

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