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Biomedical subjects

J M S Pearce

Publications and source records attributed to J M S Pearce.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia.

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is a distinctive syndrome, named by Wilfred Harris. Investigation must exclude multiple sclerosis, and local compression, especially by tumours which require treatment. Dandy deserves credit for first indicating vascular compression of cranial nerve roots as a cause of cranial neuralgias, and Jannetta for establishing neurovascular decompression. Vascular compression is a common and treatable cause but does not account for all previously designated idiopathic cases.

Decompression, Surgical↗
PubMed2006

Sir William Withey Gull (1816-1890).

William Gull, a man of humble origins, became one of the outstanding, polymath physicians of the 19th century, and physician to Queen Victoria. Among several important and original contributions, this paper summarises his work on myxoedema, paraplegia and anorexia nervosa.

Anorexia Nervosa↗
PubMed2006

Burdach's column.

After the Greek physicians Herophilus and Galen, the major anatomical advances in the anatomy of the spinal cord were made possible by the microtome devised by Benedikt Stilling in January 1842. This enabled him to cut the frozen, thin sections and examine them, unstained,with the microscope. The technique founded future investigation of the cord's anatomy. Brown-Séquard, Türck, Clarke, Lissauer, Goll, and Flechsig all contributed. An important result of these progressing anatomical experiments was the identification of the posterior columns. In 1826, the German physiologist Karl Friedrich Burdach (1776-1847) described, from macroscopic study, the fasciculus cuneatus, known as the tract of Burdach: the lateral portion of the posterior columns of the cord that terminate in the nucleus cuneatus of the medulla.

Anatomy↗
PubMed2006

Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation: A cautionary tale.

Hallervorden and Spatz first described, in a sibship of 12, five sisters with clinically increasing dysarthria and progressive dementia, whose brains showed a brown discoloration of the globus pallidus and substantia nigra. Subsequently the basis has been shown to be a neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation or pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration due to mutations in the pantothenate kinase 2 (PANK2) gene. Progressive dystonia, Parkinsonism and dementia characterise the syndrome in children. The pathology comprises neuronal loss, axonal swelling, gliosis and iron deposits in the basal nuclei, disclosed by 'the eye of the tiger' sign on MR imaging. Since the criminal, unethical National Socialist activities of Hallervorden and Spatz came to light 'neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation' has become the preferred nomenclature.

Brain↗
PubMed2006

Vagus.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

History, 15th Century↗
PubMed2006

Sir Francis Walshe, MD FRS (1885-1973).

Born in Ireland, Francis Martin Rouse Walshe studied medicine at University College Hospital. He subsequently practised there and at the National Hospital, Queen Square, London. Early associations with Wilfred Trotter and Sir Victor Horsley encouraged his career in Neurology. Walshe pioneered the descriptive analysis of human reflexes in physiological terms. His flare and outstanding brilliance were rewarded when he was appointed Physician to the National Hospital, Queen Square in 1921 and at University College Hospital in 1924. He published, mainly in Brain (which he edited for many years), weighty papers on the function of the cerebral cortex in relation to movements, and on neural physiology. Walshe is also remembered for his powers of literacy and stringent scientific criticism, which he often displayed with magnificent panache.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed2006

Walter Edward Dandy (1886-1946).

Dandy was a leading light in the initiation and development of neurosurgery, not only in his native America but also throughout the world. This paper attempts briefly to outline his main achievements. After a turbulent relationship with Cushing he emerged as a brilliant, if vain, surgeon and investigator, based mainly at Johns Hopkins. He initiated air ventriculography and effected original studies on cerebrospinal fluid formation and circulation. The Dandy-Walker syndrome, surgery for aneurysms and cerebellopontine angle tumours were but a few areas where he made his mark and left a lasting legacy of neurosurgical endeavour.

Cerebral Ventriculography↗
PubMed2005

Selected observations on amusia.

Amusia appears primarily as a defect in processing pitch. The deficit extends to musical memory and recognition, singing and timing of music. Clinical studies of acquired brain lesions show that dysphasia is not necessarily accompanied by amusia, and acquired amusia without aphasia has been reported. These dissociations suggest some degree of autonomy in the function of these mechanisms.

Cognition↗
PubMed2005

Historical descriptions of multiple sclerosis.

Modern understanding of multiple sclerosis is firmly founded on the labours of many neuroscientists of the last two centuries. The cost of the disease to its victims is nowhere better displayed than in their personal accounts of their illnesses. Two figures stand out: the high-born aristocrat, Augustus D'Este and his diaries of the early 19th century and the courageous if histrionic Bruce Frederick Cummings in the early 20th century. This paper cannot do justice to their major contributions, but seeks to summarise them to give the flavour of their symptoms, disabilities and the way they were regarded by doctors and the people at large. The early medical studies of Carswell, Cruveilhier, Charcot and many others are briefly reviewed as relevant settings to these personal histories.

History, 19th Century↗