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Biomedical subjects

J M Saunders

Publications and source records attributed to J M Saunders.

50 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
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Perceived barriers to getting published: results of the JANAC survey.

In order to identify strategies to promote the publication of ANAC members' knowledge and expertise, the authors conducted a survey of JANAC readers. Twenty-four respondents, almost all clinicians, identified 25 areas of interest they want to develop for publication. Barriers to getting published fell into four categories: lack of time, writing skills, self-confidence, and motivation or ideas. Suggestions for facilitating scholarship focused mainly on collaboration with writing experts and learning through educational workshops. The results of this study can serve as a guide in the development of services to readers interested in their own development as scholars.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
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AIDS, nursing, and physician-assisted suicide: Part 2.

Nurses who work in HIV/AIDS care often hold conflicting views from each other about appropriate nursing roles in relation to physician-assisted suicide. Regardless of whether the individual nurse supports or opposes physician-assisted suicide, nurses in HIV/AIDS care need to have a broad knowledge base of the legal and ethical issues related to physician-assisted suicide. This article has as its major purpose to provide nurses with the knowledge base they need to assist them in their work in clinical practice, education, policy development, and research.

Ethics, Nursing↗
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AIDS, nursing, and physician-assisted suicide: Part 1.

Nurses who work in HIV/AIDS care often hold conflicting views about appropriate nursing roles in relation to physician-assisted suicide. Regardless of whether the individual nurse supports or opposes physician-assisted suicide, nurses in HIV/AIDS care need to have a broad knowledge base of the legal and ethical issues related to physician-assisted suicide. This article's main purpose is to provide nurses with the knowledge base they need to assist them in their work in clinical practice, education, policy development, and research.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
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Exploring a life history of HIV disease and self-caring: Alfredo's story.

Alfredo's story is part of a larger phenomenological study of nursing, self care, and HIV disease that incorporated the anthropological tradition of reconstructing a life-story in the person's own words. This exemplar emphasizes Alfredo's shifts perspective organized around three turnings, or shifts in perspective, which are illustrated with narrative text and discussed. The three turnings include becoming HIV-infected, becoming a positive force, and reclaiming self. Implications for nursing include the importance of story telling in life history, the value of knowing the patient as a person, the positive impact of negative events, and the educational impact of a paradigm case.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
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Managing depression among people with HIV disease.

Many people with HIV suffer from depression, which responds to antidepressants, counseling, education, and cognitive strategies. Untreated depression hinders treatment compliance and increases risk of suicide. Management and complications of major depression are described. The evaluation of rational suicide is examined. Clinicians who treat this population need to respond therapeutically to patients with depression and suicidal ideas.

Antidepressive Agents↗
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HIV infection. Helping adolescents choose safer behaviors.

Although adolescents comprise only 1% of the diagnosed cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among this group should not be underestimated. This article discusses how adolescents' behaviors place them at risk for HIV infection. One educational program is described that illustrates an innovative approach to use with adolescents. Nurses who use the Relationship Safety and Vigilance Plan can assist individual adolescents to assess their interpersonal relationship patterns to establish goals and reduce impulsive or destructive behaviors.

Adolescent↗
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Cancer and suicide.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Depression↗
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Management of suicidal patients with HIV disease.

Suicidal acts among people with HIV disease exceed those among the general population. Stress from the HIV diagnosis, treatment, and medications can lead to depression, which increases suicide risk. High quality care of depressed persons depends on sound scientific knowledge of evaluation of suicide. Incidence, epidemiology, risk factors, evaluation, and treatment of suicidal people are the core of this article. A patient's comment, "I'd be better off dead," deserves investigation as a cry for help and a clue to impending suicide.

Adult↗
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Evaluating depression among patients with cancer.

The stress, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer cause substantial psychiatric morbidity that is treatable. Chemotherapy or other cancer treatments cause 40% to 60% of patients' emotional distress. Major depression develops in approximately 25% of patients with cancer, and less severe depressive symptoms develop in many patients, but fewer than half of the patients with symptoms are offered treatment. Alleviating major depression improves the quality of life for these patients with cancer. These patients, particularly during terminal illness, have an increased risk of suicide. Clinicians proficient in psychosocial assessment can detect subtle signs, monitor risk factors, reduce major depression with cognitive strategies, and prevent complications. Untreated major depression lowers life expectancy and treatment compliance and increases risk of suicide and cardiac disease. In this article, incidence of major depression among patients with cancer is discussed. Guidelines for diagnosis, correcting myths, and detecting major depression are suggested. Effective cognitive strategies for intervention are described; medical treatment is briefly reviewed. Detection and evaluation of suicide risk are discussed.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy↗
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Oncology nurses' knowledge and misconceptions about suicide.

Nurses' knowledge of suicide has been underinvestigated. This article summarizes a survey of oncology nurses' knowledge and misconceptions about suicide. Nurses' knowledge of risk factors, suicide potential, and management of a suicidal patient were examined after nurses read a vignette about a suicidal patient with cancer. Analysis included descriptive statistics and content analysis. Approximately 20% of nurses underestimated the patient's suicide risk. Nurses correctly identified an average of three of eight risk factors, but 61% misidentified worries and fears as suicide risk factors or indicators of suicide risk. More than 60% of nurses correctly identified saying goodbye, giving away a treasured object, being a widower, and wishing to be dead as risk factors. Few knew that race/ethnicity (3.23%), male gender (23.66%), and age (31.18%) were risk factors. Undiagnosed mental disorders also increase suicide risk. Physicians and nurses often fail to ask oncology patients about depression, and depressed patients often report only physical symptoms and minimize their depression or suicidal ideas. Before committing suicide, 8 of 10 suicidal people had asked for better management of their physical symptoms, but their suicide risk was not detected. After recognizing any indicator of suicide risk, a nurse should assess risk factors, detect clues, and estimate individual lethality. Few (15.12%) nurses asked about a suicide plan as a nursing assessment, and 37% of the nurses used consultation. Less than one-third of nurses recommended providing safety, protecting the patient, or taking suicide precautions. Such evidence indicates the need for education to enhance knowledge and skill building to improve the interviewing and care of suicidal patients.

Adult↗
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Self-care, psychological distress, and HIV disease.

Self-care behaviors may be positive (healthy) or negative (unhealthy). Many factors may influence whether individuals choose healthy or unhealthy self-care behaviors. This study examined the relationships of perceived impact of HIV status, distress, and subsequent changes in self-care activities among men and women who were at risk for or infected with HIV. Significant findings included a positive correlation between the number of symptoms experienced and both depression and change toward unhealthy self-care behaviors. The impact of event avoidance and depression were associated with changes to unhealthy self-care behaviors, although hopelessness was associated with fewer unhealthy changes.

Adult↗