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Biomedical subjects

J M Schuerger

Publications and source records attributed to J M Schuerger.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Disorder concept scales and personality dimensions in a young adult sample.

Previous research has shown correlations between normal personality variables of the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) and Axis II personality disorder scales using the Morey, Waugh, and Blashfield Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory. This study (N = 37) compared variables from the adolescent version of the 16PF, the High School Personality Questionnaire, Revised, including the new Clinical Supplement and the MMPI scales of Morey, et al. and yielded results similar to those from earlier studies with other inventories. Extraversion scores correlated positively with those on Narcissistic and Histrionic scales, negatively with scores on Schizoid, Avoidant, and Schizotypal scales; scores on Independence had a similar pattern.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Broad factor scales of the 16 PF Fifth Edition and Millon personality disorder scales: a replication.

This study is a replication of the link between broad personality factors from the 16 PF and personality disorder scales based on Millon's typology of personality. The current study was done with the new version of the 16 PF during the final stages of norming. The sample consisted of 30 female and 2 male undergraduate and graduate students, ranging in age from about 21 to 60 years. The data from this replication are consistent with results of the earlier study in that 15 of the 18 expectations were in the expected direction. Of these 10 were significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Personality disorder concept scales and 16 PF dimensions.

Using 148 clients from a private practice sample, concurrent scores on the Morey, Waugh, and Blashfield Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Scales and the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire were factor analyzed in an attempt to map the Axis II disorders within a circumplex of interpersonal behavior. Individual predictions about the 16 PF primaries were made and then equations were developed to predict the Morey, Waugh, Blashfield MMPI scales from the 16 PF scores. Using a separate sample of 43 clients and 21 students, a cross-validation of concepts was performed by using the 16 PF to generate the MMPI scores and correlating the predicted scores with concurrent Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory scores. Concordance of the personality disorder characterizations across the instruments was high. Many of the predicted personality disorder characteristics were supported by the research, and 10 of 11 correlations with the Millon were significant. This research suggests the 16 PF is useful for generating hypotheses about personality disorders and that the Axis II conceptualizations fit as expected within normal personality space.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Estimation of MCMI DSM-III axis II constructs from MMPI scales and subscales.

Wiggins, Harris and Lingoes, and Serkownek Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scores were used to predict Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) scores in a 100-patient sample. Equations from the first sample were cross-validated on a sample of 212 inmate subjects. We conclude that scores on 19 of the 20 MCMI scales can be successfully predicted by the Wiggins, Harris and Lingoes, and Serkownek subscales of the MMPI. In further cross-validation, the equations were used to predict the Morey, Waugh, and Blashfield MMPI composites for the prison sample, again with strongly positive results. The results appear quite promising for the estimation of personality disorder constructs from MMPI scales and subscales.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Temporal stability of occupational interest inventories.

Test-retest reliability data gathered from 83 sources (62 independent samples) were analyzed using a multiple-regression method to estimate the effects of several factors on the temporal stability of occupational interest inventories. Seven self-report inventories were examined--the Act Interest Inventory, the Career Assessment Inventory, the California Occupational Preference System Interest Survey, the Strong Vocational Interest Blank, and the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory, Form T325 of the Strong Vocational Interest Blank. Samples encompassed a wide range of subjects. Subjects' ages and retest intervals were significant predictors of reliability. Number of items and homogeneity had anomalous relations with stability. Subjects' sex and sample size did not significantly affect reliability. A summary table provides expected reliability coefficients tabulated for combinations of age by test-retest interval.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Personality and biographic data that characterize men who abuse their wives.

Personality and background data were presented on 250 men enrolled in group treatment for wife abuse. Follow-up data were available for 44 of these men. Standard measures available included 16PF, PSI, and MAST for personality and alcoholism. Background data included self-reports of level of violence, income, education, occupation, and violence in family of origin. Prior findings that link alcoholism and violence in family of origin to current family violence were confirmed. Level of violence was found to be related to more general pathologies, to alcoholism, and to prior family violence. Otherwise, no typology of violent men emerged in terms of pathology or general personality.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Heritabilities of ego strength (factor C), super ego strength (factor G), and self-sentiment (factor Q3) by multiple abstract variance analysis.

Tested over 3,000 boys (identical and fraternal twins, ordinary sibs, general population) aged 12-18 on Ego Strength, Super Ego Strength, and Self Sentiment. The Multiple Abstract Variance Analysis (MAVA) method was used to obtain estimates of abstract (hereditary, environmental) variances and covariances that contribute to total variation in the three traits. Within-family heritabilities for these traits were about .30, .05, and .65. Between-family heritabilities were .60, .08, and .45. Within-family correlations of genetic and environmental deviations were trivial, unusually so among personality variables, but between-family values showed the usual high negative values, consistent with the law of coercion to the biosocial mean.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Unitary personality source traits analyzed for heritability.

1,768 12- to 18-year-old boys, in pairs from five constellations (identical and fraternal twins, brothers, unrelated boys raised together and a random general population sample) were measured by the O-A (performance) personality battery on source traits UI 16, 17 and 19. Corrections were made for ages and test validities in computing observed variances. Nine equations were set up in the multiple abstract variance (MAVA) model giving expectancies from seven unknown abstract variances (genetic, threptic, and genothreptic covariances) with respect to observed variances. Maximum likelihood analysis showed that genetic or threptic contribution alone was unable to fit the data, and the best fit was given by a parsimonious form of MAVA dropping genothreptic correlations. Population heritabilities calculated on this basis were 0.46 for UI 16 (ego assertion), 0.21 for UI 17 (control, upbringing), and 0.50 for UI 19 (independence). When compared with an earlier study by the O-A, but by a different analysis, and with the same data analyzed by tho other methods, a reasonably consistent conclusion emerges that UI 17 is little inherited, while UI 16 and UI 19 are rather strongly inherited. The contribution of the behavior-genetic evidence to the theories about these source traits is discussed. It is concluded that UI 16 is initially in development a temperament factor, probably with physiological associations in metabolic rate, etc.; that UI 19 is a strong and sex-related temperament factor, and that UI 17 is a sentiment pattern of cultured inhibition almost wholly dependent on family and social upbringing.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health care professionals' grief: a model based on occupational style and coping.

Many publications address grief in terminally ill patients and their loved ones. In contrast, this paper proposes a hypothetical model for grief reactions in health care professionals (HCPs) working with terminally ill patients. The model integrates three literatures: burnout, coping and personality/occupational interests. Grief-related job stress can culminate in burnout that affects over 50% of physicians treating the terminally and critically ill. Coping behaviors that attenuate burnout differ among HCPs, suggesting that nurses prefer different coping strategies when compared with physicians. The personality and occupational interests literatures provide a rationale for coping differences in HCPs. Personality characteristics associated with occupational preferences provide insight into HCPs' natural propensities for coping with stress. The model addresses personality/occupational differences among health care disciplines, thus providing a plausible explanation for coping differences among HCPs, as well as potential interventions that facilitate HCPs' adjustment to the deaths of their patients.

Adaptation, Psychological↗