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Biomedical subjects

J M Villette

Publications and source records attributed to J M Villette.

68 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Value of the detection of myoglobin by immunoagglutination in myocardial infarction].

The abnormally elevated quantity of myoglobin present in the plasma of 11 patients suffering of myocardial infarction was demonstrated by a rapid immunoagglutination slide-test. The results of this qualitative test were compared to the myoglobin concentrations measured by radioimmunology. Although the immunoagglutination test is less sensitive than the myoglobin assay, it proved to be very specific. Its rapidity of use, its reliability shown on 121 plasma specimens collected during the myocardial infarction evolution in the patients under study, will enable the clinician to use advantageously the very rapid myoglobinemia taking place in the first hours of infarction. Indeed, we have shown in agreement with the literature that the rise of myoglobin during the first hours of infarction occurs at a much earlier stage than does the increase of creatine kinase activity which was equally assayed during this work.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1985

[Radioimmunoassay of salivary l7 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. Values obtained in healthy subjects and in patients treated for congenital hyperplasia of the adrenal glands].

The authors describe a method for the radioimmunoassay of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in the saliva. The limit of detection is 1.96 fmole/tube. Salivary 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone was measured in control subjects. Values found were of 296 +/- 115 pmol/l in the male, and 251 +/- 23 pmol/l in the female during the follicular phase and 401 +/- 94 pmol/l during the luteal phase, and 115 +/- 30 pmol/l in the prepubertal child. Concentrations were much higher in the newborn and decreased during the first days of life. Variations in salivary concentrations were compared with those in plasma 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone during the 24-hour period and with the Synacthene stimulation test. The excellent correlation (r = 0.0969) between salivary 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and plasma 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone in 28 patients being treated for 21 hydroxylase deficiency makes it possible to suggest salivary assay in place of plasma assay in the therapeutic follow-up of such patients.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1984

[Plasma and saliva DST (dexamethasone suppression test) in depression. Clinical applications and kinetic approach].

Both plasmatic and salivary DST were simultaneously performed on a sample of 37 patients with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder (DMS III criteria): 22 primary depressions and 15 secondary depressions. Salivary DST showed a similar specificity but a decreased sensitivity in comparison with plasmatic DST. Essentially, the simultaneous use of both tests resulted in a better specificity for primary depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The diffuse neuroendocrine (APUD) system.

The bulk of experimental evidence indicates that the APUD series of cells is a distinct system based upon common pathophysiological features. The diffuse nature of this system with elements in the central and peripheral nervous system suggests a more complex interaction of the body's homeostasis than has been established. It is probable that as radioimmunological and radioenzymatic assays become more widely available and standardized, other apudomas will be described. Finally, an understanding of the APUD concept, with its peculiar pluripotential for the production of biogenic amines and peptides, the multicentric nature of the disease and the possibility of multiple cell involvement, is of key importance in managing patients. Studies of the apudomas will also advance the understanding of the normal physiologic interrelationships of the APUD cells.

APUD Cells↗
PubMed1983

[Assay of plasma hCG. Our experience with the diagnosis of extra-uterine pregnancies. Apropos of 45 cases].

Two groups of patients who were admitted to hospital with a possible diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy were compared. The levels of HCG in the plasma were obtained as an emergency in the first group (45 cases). The levels were not obtained in the second group (34 cases). Only those cases in the first group where the assays had shown the presence of HCG underwent laparoscopy: 12 laparoscopies revealed 7 extra-uterine pregnancies. In the second group, on the other hand, all 34 patients had laparoscopy; only 8 extra-uterine pregnancies were discovered by this method. Because of this study we found that when HCG assays were carried out there was no false positive or negative. When we wanted to rule out an L.H. peak in a doubtful case the assay was repeated. The comparison between the two groups underlines the importance of carrying out the assay: it avoids useless laparoscopies but it also shortens the length of stay in hospital.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1982

Percutaneous absorption of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone in man. I. Plasma androgen and gonadotrophin levels in normal adult men after percutaneous administration of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone.

The distribution of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone to the blood following application of a solution of this androgen to the skin in a hydro-alcoholic gel was studied in order to evaluate the adequacy of the percutaneous route in correcting androgen deficiencies. In 14 adult men, daily percutaneous administration of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (125 mg in 5 g gel) increases, on the average, 4 to 5 times its initial concentration in plasma. On the 14th day of treatment, repeated evaluations of plasma 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, between 2 and 21 h after final administration of gel, demonstrated the stability of diurnal 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone levels and showed the regular distribution of the steroid from a presumably cutaneous reservoir. Plasma 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol levels evolve parallel to those of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Plasma testosterone and luteinizing hormone, on the contrary, decrease considerably. No variation of follicle-stimulating-hormone is observed during treatment. The percutaneous absorption represents an interesting method for administration of a natural androgen in men, particularly because one avoids the deleterious effects of supra-physiological levels in the liver achieved with oral administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Percutaneous absorption of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone in man. II. Percutaneous administration of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone in hypogonadal men with idiopathic haemochromatosis; clinical, metabolic and hormonal effectiveness.

The particularities of percutaneous absorption of a natural androgen, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, were evaluated in substitutive androgen therapy in masculine hypogonadism. Nine men presenting idiopathic haemochromatosis complicated by severe hypogonadism were treated with percutaneous administration of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (125 mg/day) for 5 months. Plasma levels of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol are greatly increased by treatment (from 0.86 to 18.39 nmol/l and 0.16 to 3.40 nmol/l, respectively). There is no modification of testosterone and oestradiol-17 beta. Double blind study demonstrated the direct stimulating effect of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone on sexual behaviour and psychism. Hepatic and metabolic tolerance was excellent in these patients, despite the preceding deleterious effects of the iron excess. The percutaneous route is original, practical and improves the androgen therapy of hypogonadism in men.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Physiological and pathological variations in saliva cortisol.

A radioimmunological method for measuring saliva cortisol was worked out. It includes one extraction and one radiocompetitive reaction with an anticortisol 3-CMO:BSA immunoserum. Frequent values for saliva cortisol were determined in various physiological and pathological conditions and compared to plasma cortisol values. In adult men, the mean concentrations at 8 a.m. and midnight were respectively 14.50 +/- 7.10 and 1.40 +/- 1.21 nmol/l (mean +/- SD). In untreated women, plasma and saliva cortisol levels were not significantly different from those measured in women taking estroprogestative drugs or in pregnant women. Following stimulation by synthetic beta 1-24 ACTH (Synacthen), the saliva cortisol determined 90 min after the 8 a.m. sampling rose by over 500% whereas plasma cortisol only rose by 120%. Similarly the drop in 8 a.m. cortisol, which followed midnight administration of 1 mg of dexamethasone was larger for saliva than for plasma cortisol. In patients with adrenal hyperactivity the circadian rhythm disappeared from saliva cortisol and patients with deficient adrenal activity displayed drastically reduced levels for saliva cortisol. Saliva cortisol seems thus to be more helpful to diagnosis than plasma cortisol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Post-menopausal concentrations of plasma oestradiol, oestrone, FSH and LH and of total urinary oestradiol and oestrone after a single sublingual dose of oestradiol-17 beta.

We report the effects of sublingual absorption of a single dose (0.5 mg) of oestradiol-17 beta (E2) in 8 post-menopausal women, on plasma E2 and oestrone (E1), urine elimination of total E2 + E1 and on plasma FSH and LH. The results show that sublingual absorption of E2 occurs and that plasma concentrations of E2 obtained (between 133.2 to 320 pmol/l) in this way were higher than those obtained after percutaneous absorption of a single dose (3 mg) of E2. The ratio E1/E2 in plasma is close to that of pre-menopausal women.

Absorption↗
PubMed1980

A simple radioimmunoassay of acebutolol in plasma.

Antisera against acebutolol were produced in rabbits immunized by means of this drug conjugated with bovine serum albumin. These antisera were used to develop a method of radioimmunoassay for acebutolol. The plasma radioimmunoassay, described here, requires no extraction and is very easy to perform besides being quick, specific and sensitive. As little as 2.97 X 10(-9) mol/l of acebutolol can be detected. This radioimmunoassay is suitable for assaying the large number of samples usually measured in pharmacological studies.

Acebutolol↗
PubMed1980

Simultaneous radioimmunoassay of androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone and 11-beta-hydroxyandrostenedione in plasma.

A simultaneous radioimmunoassay for delta 4-androstenedione (delta 4), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and 11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione (11 beta OH delta 4) in plasma is described. This involved preparing first an anti-11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione-3-0-carboxymethyl oxime/BSA antiserum which binds both delta 4 and 11 beta OH delta 4, and an anti-dehydrosterone-7-0-carboxymethyl oxime/BSA antiserum. A chromatographic step using celite minicolumns separates these three steroids. The method was applied to the measurement of the plasma basal values of these three androgens in control subjects. Mean concentrations (ng/ml) of delta 4, DHA and 11 beta OH delta 4 were respecstively 1.35, 6.63 and 3.13 in males; 1.35, 6.65 and 2.59 in premenopausal females; 0.46, 1.53 and 1.38 in post-menopausal females, and 0.39, 0.73 and 1.78 in children 1--6 years of age. Dynamic tests were also carried out: ACTH stimulation was found to increase delta 4, DHA and 11 beta OH delta 4. Dexamethasone had a reverse effect causing a 50% diminution in delta 4 levels, a marked decrease in DHA levels, and a 90% decrease in 11 beta OH delta 4 levels. Metyrapone test was found to produce a 223% increase in delta 4 levels, a 196% increase in DHA levels, and a decrease of more than 90% in the 11 beta OH delta 4 levels. Estroprogestative drug treatment was accompanied by a decrease of not only delta 4, but also of DHA and 11 beta OH delta 4. Preliminary clinical results concerning these steroids show a parallel increase or decrease of delta 4 and 11 beta OH delta 4 in adrenal pathology. In ovarian hyperandrogeny, delta 4 is increased and 11 beta OH delta 4 is unchanged.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plasma 21-deoxycortisol: comparison of a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay using a biotinylated tracer with a radioimmunossay using (125)iodine.

Plasma 21-deoxycortisol (21DF) is an excellent marker of 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Currently, it is the only marker able to detect heterozygous carriers with 21-hydroxylase deficiency after ACTH stimulation. We have already developed radioimmunoassays for 21DF using first tritiated, then 125I-21DF which had a ten-fold higher sensitivity. However, because the lifespan of 125I-21DF is short, the tracer needs to be reprepared every two months and this multiplies the risk of contamination by radioactive 125I vapours. We therefore developed a non-isotopic 21DF assay that uses a 21DF-biotin conjugate with a original bridge, a diaminopropyl arm, linking the steroid to biotin. The 21DF-biotin conjugate was measured by time-resolved fluorescence after adding streptavidin-europium to the microtitration wells. The analytical qualities of this assay were very similar to those of the radioimmunoassay using 125I-21DF as tracer. The results obtained by the two methods, in either normal subjects or patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency, were virtually the same.

Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital↗