[On the problems of postgraduate education in gynaecological psychosomatics. (Pilot study with 185 physicians interested in continuing education) (author's transl)].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J M Wenderlein.
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The psychosocial aspects of estrogen substitution for deficiency symptoms in the climacteric were investigated in 122 women. In addition, psychometric tests were used before, after 6 weeks, after 3 months and after 6 months therapy. Results based on psychometric tests should be taken into consideration to a greater extent than formerly in discussing the cancer risks of estrogen administration in the climacteric.
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A field study was undertaken into an oral contraceptive with medium oestrogen content for the purpose of finding out from 13,603 women, aged below 20 years, if correlations with relevance to counselling existed between the age of menarche and acceptance of hormonal contraceptives. Cycles of 34 days and more were recorded from probands in whom menarche had occurred above the age 14 twice as often they had been recordable from probands with early menarche, that is below the age of twelve. Shortened cycles in response to hormonal cycles in response to hormonal contraception were most often recorded from the late-menarche group. -The trend towards heavier withdrawal bleedings and more frequent spottings in women with late menarche should be taken into account, when oral contraceptives are first prescribed. -Growing menarche age was found to be accompanied by growing incidence of mental depression and headache of women who were on the pill. The number of adolescent women with late menarche who reported weight gains in excess of 2 kg was higher than the number of probands with early menarche. Weight gains over the first three months on the pill in the adolescent group were three times as often as in the whole group. -More women with early menarche reported increase in libido. Young women with late menarche wished more of than others to discontinue oral contraception, which seemed to suggest the existence of psychosocial differences between the two groups. The recorded trend towards declining acceptance of oral contraceptives along with growing menarche age may be used for orientation in counselling.
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Problems of psychosocial rehabilitation were studied in 308 women following treatment for genital and mammary carcinomata. One third felt more susceptible to disease. A quarter with earlier spa treatment showed greater susceptibility to disease twice as often as those without spa treatment. Women with higher education admitted to spa treatment twice as often as those with less education. Women who had had spa treatment admitted to a feeling of impaired self-evaluation twice as often as those without spa treatment. The patients assessed the benefits of spa treatment without reference to age, level of education and personality test. Women with sexual medical problems expected particularly great benefits from spa treatments.
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A pilot study of 185 participants of a seminar congress on psychosomatic gynecology was intended to examine how far effectivity controls are feasible. The seminar assessment was age-dependent e. g. with regard to presentation of material (p less than 0.01) and practical usefulness (p less than 0.05). The assessment was sex-specific e. g. with regard to presentation of material (p less than 0.01) and congress organization (p less than 0.01). The interest in the seminar differed between gynecologists in general practice and those in clinic or hospital practice. Four fifths of the participants would agree to a detailed questionnaire on seminar assessment. Then the majority would accept effectivity controls of medical postgraduate education with social scientific methods.
Of 700 women on whom mammograms were carried out for various indications, more than half complained of mastalgia. A quarter of the women had suffered frequently from diffuse breast pain, and one third complained of mastaglia. A quarter of the women had suffered frequently from diffuse breast pain, and one third had had pain for years. One third complained of local breast pain. Changes in the mammogram amongst women with diffuse breast pain were no more common than in women without symptoms. There was no correlation between the frequency of pain and the extent of a "mastopathy". There were no changes which could be related to the pain. Similarly there was no difference in the frequency of biopsies or women kept under observation between those with breast pain and those without. This was also true for those with local breast pain, and also for those with clinically occult conditions. Breast size was of no significance for the occurrence of pain. Neither local nor diffuse breast pain is of any specific significance in breast diagnosis.
A standardised questionnaire and personality test were used to study whether women after breast cancer treatment, or women treated for genital cancer need psychosocial counselling more frequently. The interview was given to 308 women during the author's tumor after-care consultations. 1. Repercussion on their marital lives were reported three times more often by women treated for genital cancer than by women after mastectomy (p less than 0.01). There was not significant difference with regard to their family status. 2. As epidemiologically expected -- mastectomy patients had born less children than women treated for genital cancer (p less than 0.05). 3. A reduced self-confidence was reported more often by patients treated for breast cancer than by the other patient group (p less than 0.01). 4. No decrease in working performance was observed by 50% of the women treated for genital cancers as against one third of the masectomy patients. 5. Work resumption was reported more often to be strenuous for masectomy patients than for women treated for genital cancer (p less than 0.05). 6. Woman after mastectomy experiences 50% less sexual repercussions than genital cancer patients (p less than 0.05).
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After stopping hormonal contraception, some women have temporarily impaired fertility. In a study on more than 500 women, using the age of menarche as parameter, it was evaluated which would develop post-pill amenorrhea. It was found that women with early menarche are emotionally more stable, get higher school degrees and have a more positive state of mind regarding sexuality, pregnancy and birth than those with late menarche. All these factors should be considered in patient care.
Pregnancy in adolescence is seldom planned. If an adolescent girl comes to the doctor with a pressing desire for hormonal contraception, the many risks must be weighed against each other. Endocrinologically the "post-pill amenorrhea" and later reduced fertility are quantitatively of little importance. Developmentally and psychologically the danger of delayed growth as a result of the steroids present in the ovulation inhibitors is small. It is particularly important to weight the perinatal risks of an unwanted pregnancy against the risks of a hormonal contraceptive. Among the psychosocial factors impaired development of personality is prominent. Altogether, an unwanted pregnancy carries considerably more risk for an adolescent girl than hormonal contraception.
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