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J Müller

Publications and source records attributed to J Müller.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Studies on the mechanism of PMN activation. II. By triggering the alternative pathway of complement activation.

By means of cobra venom factor (CVF) it is demonstrated that the stimulation of hexosemonophosphate shunt (HMPS) of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) by zymosan (Z) and dextran sulfate (DS) is caused by at least two models of activation: (a) via activation caused by phagocytosis, (b) via activated alternative pathway of complement activation (APC). Active factors of APC presented with phagocytizable objects strongly enhance activation of PMN. The effect of APC can be observed in serum-containing as well as in serum-free cultures. It can be demonstrated that in serum-free cultures the factors of APC participating in the activation of PMN are supplied by monocytes. By use of synthetic hexapeptide (HP) representing the COOH-terminal sequence of human C3 further evidence is provided that factors of APC are able to activate the PMN.

Complement Activation↗
PubMed1982

Small intestinal mucosa in coeliac disease and cow's milk protein intolerance: morphometric and immunofluorescent studies.

One hundred and twenty-five small intestinal biopsies from children with coeliac disease (CD), cow's milk protein intolerance (CMPI) and controls were compared by morphometric analysis, by counting intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and by quantitative evaluation of immunoglobulin-containing cells of lamina propria. The double-stain immunofluorescent technique of Brandtzaeg and Baklien [2] was used, based on defined mucosal tissue units. A patchy enteropathy was found in 60% of CMPI, and in 14% of nonspecific changes, but never in CD. There was a significant difference in crypt depth between CD (360 +/- 80 microns) and CMPI (217 +/- 92 microns), even when lesions of equal grade were compared (P less than 0.015). IEL counts per 1000 epithelial cells showed even better discrimination between the groups (CD: 793 +/- 173, CMPI: 320 +/- 143, P less than 0.001). In CD, there was a relatively greater increase of IgM-cells (X 4.9) and of IgG-cells (X 4.2) than of IgA-cells (X 2.6). Ig-cell changes outlasted the morphological lesion in CD on a gluten-free diet. In CMPI, IgM-cells (X 2.3), IgG-cells (X 2.5), and IgA-cells (X 1.7) were proportionately increased, compared to controls. A special increase of IgE-cells in CMPI could not be substantiated. By computerized stepwise discriminant analysis based upon crypt depth, villus/crypt-ratio, IEL-count, and counts of IgM-, IgG-, IgA-containing cells of lamina propria, accurate classification of patient groups was accomplished, even when only the initial biopsy data were analysed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Distribution of lysozyme in synovial tissue of patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis demonstrated by different enzyme histochemical methods.

Lysozyme-producing cells were analysed by enzyme histochemistry in paraffin sections of synovial tissue of 60 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 20 patients with osteoarthritis (OA). For lysozyme detection three enzyme histochemical systems - peroxidase-anti-peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase and biotin-avidin - were used in parallel experiments. Lysozyme was found to be produced by polymorphonuclear cells, mononuclear phagocytes and part of synovial lining cells. All types of lysozyme-producing cells were increased in RA compared with OA. Subgrouping of RA synovitis according to histomorphological criteria allowed the demonstration of an inverse relationship between the number of lysozyme-producing cells and the grade of proliferation of fibroblasts, called mesenchymoid transformation by Fassbender [19]. The different methods of lysozyme detection differed in specificity and sensitivity. The immunoenzymatic staining of lysozyme allows specific and quantitative evaluation of phagocytizing cells in RA and OA.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1982

Characterization of rat capsular adrenal (zona glomerulosa) (Na,K)-ATPase activity.

A higher (Na,K)-ATPase activity was found in rat capsular (zona glomerulosa) than in decapsulated (zona fasciculata) adrenal. No unusual characteristics of this enzyme were found in the simulation with Na+ and K+ and the inhibition with ouabain. Angiotensin II, ACTH and serotonin, all potent stimulators of aldosterone biosynthesis, did not affect the enzyme. In conclusion, the characteristics of rat capsular adrenal (Na,K)-ATPase are identical to the classical enzyme. It is not the direct receptor or effector for stimulators of aldosterone biosynthesis but a supportive role in mediating the regulatory signal cannot be ruled out.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1982

Evaluation of murine thymocyte stimulation using a defined culture medium.

The ability of RPMI 1640 enriched with FCS or AATSZ (L-alanine, BSA, human transferrin, zinc chloride, and sodium selenite) to support mitogen-induced activation (G0-G1 shift) and proliferation (G1-S shift) of thymocytes has been investigated. The two culture media were found to be equally supportive. In terms of viability, differences were detected in the number of recovered viable cells, but this could be related to alterations in adherent properties, rather than viability of the cells. For the examination of a PHA-induced proliferation, IL-1-containing suppernatants, deriving from normal or induced peritoneal macrophages, were prepared. The supportive capacity of these preparations showed no significant difference between AATSZ and FCS. Despite the excellent supportive capacity for the mitogen-stimulated thymocyte cultures, the AATSZ medium was not able to support all established cell lines tested. A T cell (MOLT 4F) and a macrophage cell line (SK 1) grew equally well in AATSZ- and FCS-enriched medium, but a B cell (U 266) and a null-cell line (Reh) did not proliferate at all. When cells from the latter two lines were cultured in AATSZ medium, they did not complete the RNA-synthesis required for DNA-synthesis, as judged by cytofluorography. From the experiments presented it is concluded that the AATSZ medium offers several advantages, such as easy standardization of culture conditions, and no essential disadvantages for studying mitogen-stimulated thymocytes in vitro. On the other hand, some lymphoid cell lines do require culture conditions that the AATSZ medium cannot provide.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Stimulation of aldosterone biosynthesis by sodium sequestration: role of angiotensin II.

The role of angiotensin II in the stimulation of aldosterone biosynthesis by sodium sequestration in potassium-deficient rats was assessed by experiments involving 1-day angiotensin II infusion, converting enzyme inhibition, and bilateral nephrectomy. In intact rats, only an extremely high dose of exogenous angiotensin II imitated the stimulatory effects of polyethylene glycol-induced edema on the conversions of deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone to 18-hydroxycorticosterone and aldosterone. Treatment with the converting enzyme inhibitor captopril as well as bilateral nephrectomy blocked the aldosterone-stimulating action of edema. This inhibition was prevented by the simultaneous infusion of angiotensin II in captopril-treated rats but not in nephrectomized animals. According to these results, angiotensin II is an essential mediator in the stimulation of aldosterone biosynthesis by sodium sequestration. However, the role of the kidneys appears to be twofold. First, they act through the secretion of renin. In addition, a second yet unknown kidney factor is necessary for a full response of the zona glomerulosa to the stimulatory action of angiotensin II.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1982

ACTH-producing pituitary adenomas in Addison's disease: two cases treated by transsphenoidal microsurgery.

In 2 women with known Addison's disease, progressive hyperpigmentation reappeared years after an initial remission under conventional substitution therapy with cortisone. Excessively elevated plasma ACTH concentrations and radiological evidence of sella turcica deformation led to the diagnosis of ACTH-producing adenomas and prompted their removal by transsphenoidal microsurgery. In one patient, a large Crooke's cell adenoma with extensive extrasellar expansion had caused severe and irreversible bilateral defects of the visual fields and unilateral optic atrophy. Surgical removal of the tumour and radiotherapy brought about a permanent disappearance of the hyperpigmentation, but eventually led to secondary hypothyroidism. In the second patients, the selective removal of a small intrasellar eosinophilic adenoma consisting of ACTH-producing cells did not alleviate the hyperpigmentation and did not lower the plasma ACTH concentration. However, hyperpigmentation regressed markedly within a year of treatment with a higher dose of cortisone. The rarity of similar cases in the literature seems to indicate that insufficient feedback suppression of ACTH-producing cells in treated Addison's disease does not by itself induce the development of a pituitary adenoma, but might promote the growth of an independently and coincidentally occurring microadenoma, which would have caused Cushing's disease in a person with intact adrenal glands.

Addison Disease↗
PubMed1982

[Immunological classification of acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) in childhood. Origin and clinical significance of phenotypic variability].

Leucemic cells in 54 children with ALL have been typed immunologically by conventional antisera, monoclonal antibodies and receptor tests as c-ALL (62.5%), T-ALL/NHL (18.5%), B-ALL (1.9%) and AUL (16.6%), respectively. The different subtypes showed a noteworthy heterogeneity in receptor patterns which may reflect an arrest in discrete differentiation stages within the maturation pathway of a lymphoid cell population. The characteristic set of clinical symptoms of T-cell neoplasias could once again be confirmed. Of interest is a clear trend for a less favourable outcome in AUL as compared to c-ALL and in NHL versus ALL as a whole, whereas no difference could be found between T-ALL and non T-ALL during therapy. Immunological typing of ALL is of clinical importance as entities with different biological behaviour and, correspondingly, different therapeutical requirements can be distinguished.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The effect of a 100 mg pirenzepine--treatment on acid secretion and serum gastrin.

50 mg pirenzepine inhibit basal acid secretion by 39.9% and peptone-stimulated acid output by 21.3%. The percentage of inhibition is nearly doubled if the same dose is given after a treatment with 50 mg pirenzepine twice daily for 3 to 7 days. No acute effect on serum gastrin levels can be demonstrated by a single dose of pirenzepine. After pretreatment only a small increase of basal gastrin levels is observed, serum gastrin does not change during stimulation. On the bases of these results the effect on ulcer healing by high doses of pirenzepine is probably due to a much more pronounced acid inhibition. One reason for stronger inhibition of acid secretion after pretreatment with pirenzepine is probably accumulation of the drug, other reasons may be distribution space or receptor binding. The effect of anticholinergic drugs on serum gastrin concentrations is probably dose-dependent.

Benzodiazepinones↗
PubMed1982

[Decrease of tuberculosis in children in GDR - facts, data and conclusions].

With decrease of tuberculosis among children GDR to nearly insignificant numbers nonspecific respiratory diseases have taken precedence in the health care of children. Nevertheless tuberculosis must not be forgotten in differential diagnostic consideration. Prophylaxis of tuberculosis exposition is becoming a predominant task. Immunoprophylaxis by BCG-vaccination should be carried on, yet treatment of tuberculous children should be started centrally at the children's hospital for pulmonary diseases at Harzgerode (GDR) also further on. The following ambulatory therapy should be done under the control of the district centres for respiratory diseases among children in close cooperation with the appropriate policlinical department for pulmonary disease (PALT) and the hospital at Harzgerode. Tuberculosis has to remain an important component of medical education of students and postgraduate education of pediatricians in spite of its low incidence, in future too.

Adolescent↗