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Biomedical subjects

J Marek

Publications and source records attributed to J Marek.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effective peritoneal therapy of acute pancreatitis in the rat with glutaryl-trialanin-ethylamide: a novel inhibitor of pancreatic elastase.

The six hour peritoneal lavage with glutaryl-trialanin-ethylamide, a low molecular competitive inhibitor of pancreatic elastase (IC50-8 mumol/l), effectively suppresses the evolution of taurocholate induced acute pancreatitis in the rat. The lavage alone is followed by a marked decrease of fat necrosis and amylase and lipase activity in serum. The area of pancreatic haemorrhage was significantly reduced only after the lavage solution was supplemented with Glt-Ala3-NHEt. The effect was not enhanced by a bolus injection of the inhibitor before starting the lavage. The combination of Glt-Ala3-NHEt with aprotinin or nafamstate mesilate produced only marginal greater benefit. The effect of Glt-Ala3-NHEt on pancreatic haemorrhage is time and dose related even with delayed onset of the lavage. Animals treated with peritoneal lavage without Get-Ala3-NHEt lived longer than controls (p less than 0.05), but by 60 hours the survival rate of both groups was almost the same (76 v 74%). All animals lavaged with Glt-Ala3-NHEt survived 120 hours and the difference in the survival rate between this and both remaining groups was significant (100% v 76% v 74% - p less than 0.05). The results were considered favourable and preliminary clinical trials of Glt-Ala3-NHEt in subjects with acute pancreatitis justified.

Amylases↗
PubMed1992

Heart in pituitary diseases.

Of hormones secreted by the pituitary, a direct effect on cardiac metabolism and function is exerted only by growth hormone (GH). Its chronic overproduction in adulthood leads to acromegaly. The main cardiovascular manifestations of acromegaly are hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. The paper summarizes the results of clinical research into the "acromegalic heart" in an internationally unique group of 78 patients with acromegaly on long-term follow-up. Both clinical findings and experimental data available in the literature indicate that cardiac hypertrophy is due to a direct effect of GH on the myocardium. Hypertension occurs in 50% of patients, has the nature of volume hypertension and exerts only an additive effect on the development of left ventricular hypertrophy. Once GH overproduction has been eliminated, cardiac hypertrophy and hypertension can be reversed to a certain stage, a finding highlighting the necessity of instituting treatment of acromegaly as early and as vigorous as possible.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1992

[The significance of ovarian and testicular steroids in lipid metabolism and atherogenesis].

Epidemiological, experimental and clinical data verify that the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is increased by a long-term estrogen deficiency. This is, among other beneficial effects of estrogens on arteries, caused by alteration of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism [e.g. decrease in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and lipoprotein (a) and decrease in HDL2 cholesterol in serum and decrease in the accumulation of cholesterol in the arterial wall]. The beneficial cardioprotective effects of estrogens are attenuated by estrogen overdosing (causing hypertriglyceridemia), the use of synthetic instead of natural estrogen products (increased incidence of adversary effects) and especially by use of inappropriate progestins. The effect of progestins may be minimized by selecting a lower dose of a more metabolically inert products (especially progestins of the third generation). Mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia may improve with oral estrogen, and this strategy may be used as an adjunct for treatment. The replacement treatment of menopause is not yet widespread in Czechoslovakia. The new forms of treatment, not causing menstrual bleeding (continual medication, tamoxifen) may achieve more interest in the therapy. Hypogonadal men are known to have a more advanced development of atherosclerosis. The appropriate replacement is done by administration of such testosterone derivatives which enable the conversion to estrogens.

Androgens↗
PubMed1992

[Normal values of 2-dimensional echocardiographic parameters in children].

The authors examined by two-dimensional echocardiography a group of 186 healthy children from birth to the age of 18 years. From the assembled records they measured the following: the inner diameter of the inferior vena cava, the diameter of the abdominal aorta, the area of the right and left atrium at the end of systole, the width of the ring of the tricuspid and mitral valve at the end of diastole, the area of the right and left ventricle at the end of systole and its circumference, the width of the annulus of the pulmonary artery, the diameter of the aortic arch, the diameter of the right and left branch of the pulmonary artery. The systolic function of the left ventricle and the curvature of the ventricular septum during systole was calculated from the assessed parameters of the left ventricle. By means of a computer the regression equations of the relation of assessed echocardiographic parameters and body weight and body surface were calculated as well as their mean values +/- 2 standard deviations for the given body weight and body surface which are considered normal for the child population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Bone isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase in acromegaly.

In 37 patients with active acromegaly and in 15 patients with inactive acromegaly, activity of bone isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase correlated (P less than 0.001) with serum concentration of immunoreactive growth hormone. By using stepwise regression analysis, the predication of serum growth hormone values based on serum levels of bone isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and calcium in these patients with acromegaly was within 1 S.D. range in 37 patients and in only 2 patients was it out of 2 S.D. range. By using discriminant analysis, based on bone and liver isoenzymes of serum alaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline excretion, 87%, 60% and 97% of the classification of patients with active and inactive acromegaly and healthy adults, respectively, was correct. The multivariate approach offers a quantitative appraisal of the biochemical parameters of peripheral growth hormone action used as an indicator of growth hormone concentration in patients with acromegaly.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1979

["Giant" oncocytic renal adenomas].

Postmortem and bioptic material from the 1953-1976 period included 7 cases of oncocytic renal adenoma larger than 5 cm including 3 larger than 10 cm. Macroscopic characteristics included red-brownish coloration and extensive foci of central hyalinosis. Microscopy showed them as being made up of cells resembling oncocytes with relatively active nuclei with solid, occasionally focus-like tubular structure. In spite of the large size and, in some rarer cases, focal nuclear atypia all of the tumours appeared to behave in a benign way. The causes of their increased frequency in the past decade remain to be clarified yet.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1979

Capillary diffusion capacity for I-131 and capillary filtration rate in female patients with idiopathic oedema.

In female patients with idiopathic oedema the capillary filtration rate and capillary diffusion capacity for I-131 were studied in lower-limb muscles and subcutaneous tissue. The capillary filtration rate averaged 0.276 ml/100 ml per minute, and the capillary diffusion capacity for I-131 averaged 9.8 mol/(mol/ml) per 100 g per minute in the gastroonemius muscle and 8.7 mol/(mol/ml) per 100 g per minute in the lower-limb subcutaneous tissue. All of these figures are statistically significantly higher than the corresponding control findings. The results are compatible with the concept of disturbed capillary permeability, and etiopathogenetic factor of idiopathic oedema.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Relationship of the activity of the bone isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase to urinary hydroxyproline excretion in metabolic and neoplastic bone diseases.

A significant correlation between the activity of the bone isoenzyme or serum alkaline phosphatase and the urinary hydroxyproline excretion in osteomalacia, osteoporosis, primary hyperparathyroidism with osteodystrophy, Paget's disease, secondary bone tumours, and in a control group was found (P less than 0.001). This close correlation was not observed between these variables in patients with active acromegaly. Diagnosis determined from these indices of formation and turnover of bone matrix agreed with that established by histological and histochemical examination of bone, by X-ray investigation of the skeleton, and by the radionuclear 85Sr test. The relationship between the activity of bone isoenzyme and urinary hydroxyproline excretion differed in metabolic bone diseases with a high bone turnover, in patients with osteoporosis and in patients with early osteoclastic bone metastases.

Acromegaly↗