PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Mariátegui

Publications and source records attributed to J Mariátegui.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

[The concept of man and alcoholism in ancient Peru].

In the ancient Peru, particularly in the Inca Empire, the review of alcohol use and abuse must be made according to the ethnohistorical and cultural context with special emphasis on ideological and customary aspects. The outstanding research sources of alcohol consume types and characteristics are: a) The examination of chronicles of the Spanish Conquest and related papers on a textual criticism; b) The study of language from its semantic scope; and c) The archaeological and ethnological testimony. The only alcoholic beverage existing in the Inca's times was "chicha", mainly that of corn fermentation which was used under the ceremonial, ritual and convivial modalities. The pathological drinking types are clearly defined in the lexicon of the Pre-Columbian Peru prevailing languages, mainly Quechua. The social control of drinking overindulgence was evident and the repressive and punitive measures were similar to those of the great ancient civilizations. The image conveyed by most of the chroniclers as to alcohol excessive drinking among Inca people belongs to the trauma of Conquest which suppressed the psychopolitical and sociocultural control that supported their universe of values generating all sort of misbehaviors and selfdestructive types of toxic consume.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1980

[Hermilio Valdizán, comparative psychiatry and folk medicine].

This paper, a reminder of Hermilio Valdizan's death semicentennial, reviews an aspect of this renowned investigator's work, the formal founder of Psychiatry and the most representative figure of its initial development in Peru. Firstly, it examines the theoretical frame eclosing Valdizan's thought aimed at searching for the Peruvian roots of Medicine and Psychiatry remarking the influence of positivism and the culturalist gravitation. Afterwards, it lingers over a biographical sketch with emphasis laid upon those circumstances that explain the Master's vocational trends and his especial concern on the analysis of Peruvian reality. It reviews Valdizan's innovative contributions to Comparative Psychiatry revealing that his production is considered as the first systematic one in this field in Latin America. It inquires into the sense, orientation, and content of Valdizan's work on Peruvian Traditional Medicine research, the fullest intent on approaching the masses's "sanitarian consciousness" and their closeties with the oral tradition fostered by the conceptions and practice of the healing art in Ancient Peru. Finally, as a distinctive note of this original written production, its main concern on the search for the sense and identity of Peruvian nationality is pointed out. And, after establishing Valdizan's position as the founder of the Peruvian School of Folkloric Medicine, the post-Valdizannian contributions and an actual view of the investigation in this field are concisely and panoramically presented.

History, 19th Century↗