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Biomedical subjects

J Martin

Publications and source records attributed to J Martin.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Diagnosis of extrauterine pregnancy with transvaginal ultrasound.

We reviewed all cases of suspected ectopic pregnancy (EP) that had transvaginal ultrasound (TVU) prior to surgery from 1987 to 1989. Of 265 patients who had culdocentesis and laparoscopy for suspected EP, 206 had EP. IN 28 of the 59 cases that proved negative at laparoscopy, EP was suspected at TVU. An ectopic embryo was seen at TVU in 28 cases where laparoscopy confirmed the TVU diagnosis. In 163 cases where EP was considered probable at TVU this was confirmed at laparoscopy. 15 cases of EP were overlooked at TVU.

Culdoscopy↗
PubMed1990

Psychological consequences of spinal injury: a review of the literature.

The traumatic nature of spinal cord injury necessitates adjustments for the individual physically, socially, vocationally and sexually, as well as placing great strain on the family. Although one would suspect a high prevalence of psychological disruption following spinal cord injury, there is still much debate concerning the extent of the psychological reaction to such a trauma. This situation can partly be attributed to the lack of systematic research characteristic of most studies in this area. This paper reviews more recent literature which has investigated psychological morbidity in persons with spinal cord injury. The inadequacies of this research are discussed and suggestions for future research and psychological treatment for the spinal injured are provided.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Correlation between pathologic and ultrasound findings in first trimester spontaneous abortions.

We compared the pathologic and ultrasonographic findings of 31 first trimester spontaneous abortions to determine the benefits of such studies. The ultrasound diagnoses included empty gestational sac (n = 11), intrauterine fetal death (n = 11), abortion in progress or incomplete abortion (n = 8), and live embryo (n = 1). Two subgroups of empty sacs were identified by pathologic examination. Embryonic development appeared to be more advanced in one group as indicated by the presence of embryonic red blood cells (RBC's) in the placental vessels. Although an embryo or fetus was identified more frequently by sonar than by pathologic examination, we were able to diagnose developmental anomalies in small embryos that current ultrasound equipment cannot resolve. Such anomalies were identified even in the presence of fetal heart activity. Pathologic examination was also informative when heavy bleeding obscured the contents of the uterine cavity to sonar and was thus supplementary of a suboptimal ultrasound examination. Placental examination proved to be reliable in assessing gestational age at the time of embryonic/fetal death. There was a good correlation between RBC morphology and sonographic measurement of crown-rump length. First trimester ultrasound and pathologic examination of the embryo and placenta are informative and complement each other.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1990

[Youths and the galaxy of questions raised by AIDS. Which themes to address?].

The spread of the AIDS pandemic urgently requires that we succeed in preventing HIV infection among the young. Much has been accomplished in information dissemination, sometimes leading to a sense of saturation. But the needs and request are still substantial when it comes to reflection, dialogue and action, both with and by the young, that is, through adult relays and peer leadership. The article presents a series of themes to be addressed with adolescents beyond the reductive equation "AIDS prevention = condom use." These are questions touching on the choice of lifestyles and relationships, and the concepts of risk, protection and responsibility.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

[Biocompatibility of various surgical drainage materials in the cytotoxicity and implantation test].

The biocompatibility of 10 materials used for surgical drainage was evaluated in a cytotoxicity test and in rat subcutaneous tissue implantation test. All rubber materials and silikolatex were found to be cytotoxic. There was no correspondence of the results of the cytotoxicity test with those of the implantation test. Therefore various procedures for biocompatibility-testing should be used.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Computed tomography demonstration of subarachnoid-pleural fistula.

A persistent left pleural effusion caused diagnostic difficulty in a young girl, 2 years after a road accident had rendered her paraplegic. Eventually, after instillation of a contrast medium into the pleural fluid, computed tomography showed a fistulous communication between the subarachnoid and pleural spaces at the level in the dorsal spine where trauma had occurred.

Child↗
PubMed1990

[Campomelic syndrome. Difficulties in early differential diagnosis from other syndromes involving deformation of the long bones using echography].

One case of "campomélique" dysplasia discovered by echography at 17 weeks is reported. The details of the syndrome are recalled. In this particular case, only the histology enabled the exact diagnosis to be made. The distinction between "syndrome campomélique" and other syndromes involving deformation of long bones (imperfect osteogenesis of the foetal type and isolated curvature of the tibia) is not easy during early pregnancy using echography alone. At a later stage, the signs and symptoms become more distinct and an exact diagnosis is probably easier.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Anxiety among hospitalized latency-age children.

We investigated the following three assumptions regarding anxiety in hospitalized children: (1) anxiety decreases during hospitalization, (2) anxiety correlates with symptoms, procedures, and parental anxiety, and (3) anxiety is reduced following guided play with real and simulated medical equipment. Fifty latency-age children and their parents were studied. Anxiety was measured by self-report, parental report, nurse's report, and direct observation. Potential correlates were monitored daily by review of patient care records, and interviews of primary nurses and parents. Hypothesis one was confirmed; anxiety decreased significantly (p less than 0.001) across the four assessments. Hypothesis two was confirmed; symptoms, procedures, and parental anxiety accounted for 27-30% of the variance in children's anxiety. Hypothesis three was not confirmed; anxiety decreased following guided play, but not enough to reach statistical significance.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Glycosaminoglycans alter the capacity of low density lipoprotein to bind to monosodium urate crystals.

Low density lipoprotein (LDL) has previously been demonstrated to be a potent inhibitor of human inflammatory cell activation by monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in vitro. As suppression of cellular responses to crystals by LDL is known to be dependent on the binding of LDL to urate crystals we further evaluated the mechanism and regulation of LDL binding to urate crystals in vitro. Using nonlinear, least squares methodology to analyze binding, we found LDL to saturably and reversibly bind with high affinity (Kd 9.3 x 10(-9) M) to MSU crystals. LDL binding was competitively inhibited by LDL but not by a variety of other positively charged moieties. Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) (heparin, heparan sulfate, hyaluronate and chondroitin sulfate), in diminishing order of potency, inhibited the binding of LDL to crystals. This inhibitory activity was dose dependent, sensitive to digestion with glycosidases and appeared to be specific for polymerized GAG, as glucuronic acid, dextran, dextran sulfate, as well as isolated amino sugar constituents of GAG were either weakly inhibitory or inactive. GAG also promoted dissociation of bound LDL from the urate crystal surface. The results indicate that LDL binds saturably and reversibly to urate crystals and that polymerized, but not depolymerized, hyaluronate and other GAG inhibit LDL binding to urate crystals. This suggests that the amount of LDL coating intraarticular urate crystals could vary during the course of a gouty paroxysm.

Crystallization↗
PubMed1989

Preclinical antitumor activity of an alpha-picoline derivative, penclomedine (NSC 338720), on human and murine tumors.

Penclomedine, a synthetic alpha-picoline derivative, was identified as a potential antitumor agent in the P388 leukemia prescreen of the National Cancer Institute. Upon further evaluation in the National Cancer Institute in vivo tumor panel, the compound demonstrated good activity against two breast tumors. A single i.p. dose or five daily doses caused partial regressions of advanced-stage s.c. implanted mouse CD8F1 mammary adenocarcinomas. Also, penclomedine administered i.p. on Days 1,5, and 9 caused regression of the human MX-1 mammary carcinoma implanted under the renal capsule of athymic mice. In contrast, penclomedine demonstrated only marginal to moderate activity against the i.p. implanted L1210 leukemia and M5076 sarcoma and was inactive in three additional non-breast tumor models (i.p. B16 melanoma, i.v. Lewis lung carcinoma, and s.c. colon adenocarcinoma 38). Penclomedine administered p.o. and i.p. was equally effective against the subrenal capsule MX-1. Doses given p.o. every fourth day caused complete regression of 39 of 40 advanced-stage s.c. implanted MX-1 tumors but were much less effective against human H82 small cell lung carcinomas (13 of 80 complete regressions). Penclomedine p.o. also inhibited growth of the human MCF-7 and mouse 16/C breast adenocarcinomas. Further studies to support the development of penclomedine to clinical trial are in progress.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Physical examination preceding entry into apprenticeship: preventive measure or administrative burden?].

The new Swiss federal legislation on vocational and trade training requires that all cantons organize a system of medical screening for young people entering an apprenticeship. This paper focuses on the principles and implementation of such an examination. It outlines the most frequent health problems young people may face upon leaving school and entering apprenticeship. It underlines the difficulties of this kind of examination, since absolute contra-indications to distinct professions are very rare. Indeed, the medical examination should not be a selection procedure but much more an occasion to facilitate the transition from school to workplace. With this objective, the canton of Vaud health authority has created an examination sheet that will be supplied each year to the physicians (private pediatricians, general practitioners and internists) examining about 5000 candidates. This instrument introduces a uniform history taking procedure oriented towards occupational medicine and focuses on a few important screening items. No laboratory tests are mandatory. The process does not use a contra-indication list, which most of the time appears fallacious. It insists on the importance of an assessment of each individual situation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Primary liver cancer death and occupation in Texas.

A death certificate case-control study of primary liver cancer and occupation was conducted to determine if the high risk of liver cancer in Mexican-Americans can be explained by farmworker exposures to pesticides. The association of liver cancer with the petroleum and chemical industry and with other potentially high-risk occupations was also examined. For the years 1969 to 1980, 1,742 deaths from primary liver cancer were identified for Texas males. Controls were randomly selected from other causes of deaths among males excluding all neoplasms, liver and gallbladder diseases, infectious hepatitis, and alcoholism, and were frequency matched to cases by age, race, ethnicity, and year of death. Risk for farmworkers based on age, race, and ethnicity-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) was not excessive (OR = 1.4, 95% confidence limits [C.L.] 0.8-2.2) but was larger than the risk for farmers (OR = 1.0, 95% C.L. 0.8-1.2). Excess risk in the petroleum and chemical manufacturing industries was confined to oil refinery workers (OR = 2.0, 95% C.L. 1.1-3.5). Other occupations with twofold risk or greater were plumbers and pipefitters (OR = 2.0, 95% C.L. 1.0-3.8), butchers and meat cutters (OR = 2.6, 95% C.L. 1.1-6.6), textile workers (OR = 3.1, 95% C.L. 1.2-7.8), cooks (OR = 2.2, 95% C.L. 1.1-4.5), and longshoremen (OR = 2.2, 95% C.L. 0.6-7.4).

Adult↗