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Biomedical subjects

J Martin

Publications and source records attributed to J Martin.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Hepatic resection: value of operative ultrasound and ultrasonic dissection.

Twenty-five patients having a major liver resection at the Austin Hospital were reviewed, 18 of whom had their operation after 1986. The indications were for metastatic disease in 14, hydatid in six and primary tumour in five. There were no operative deaths. Dissection was performed with the Cavitron Ultrasound Surgical Aspirator (CUSA) and peroperative ultrasound used in 18 and without in seven. Mean blood loss was 1.75 u in the CUSA group and 6.5 u in the non-CUSA group (P less than 0.05). It is concluded that intra-operative ultrasound and use of the CUSA makes major liver resection a more precise and less hazardous procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Relationships between symptoms, menstrual cycle and orocaecal transit in normal and constipated women.

Because severe constipation is a disorder largely confined to young women, the possibility that menstrually related factors contribute to disturbed gastrointestinal motor function has been raised. It has also been reported that normal menstruating women show changes in upper gut transit between the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle and that patients with constipation show prolonged transit. We therefore studied relationships between symptom severity and orocaecal transit during the menstrual cycle in a group of 14 constipated women and a series of control groups comprising seven normal menstruating women, five postmenopausal women, and eight normal men, to determine whether phases of the menstrual cycle were associated with alteration in symptoms or transit. A regular menstrual cycle was reported by 13 of the 14 patients (range 26-30 days) and by all the menstruating female volunteers. Seven patients noted variation in constipation during the menstrual cycle, in all cases this comprised an improvement in symptoms just before or during menstruation. No consistent relationship between symptom severity and follicular or luteal phase was noted. Repeated orocaecal transit measurements in the four study groups showed no consistent differences (greater than 0.05) between groups or during the menstrual cycle (mean change weeks 1-4, -10 +/- 20 min). These findings are inconsistent with the hypothesis of a progesterone related effect upon orocaecal transit in either normal or constipated women.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Necessity for routine obstetric screening for hepatitis B surface antigen.

Routine serologic testing of pregnant women in a predominantly Hispanic population at the Los Angeles County Medical Center revealed that 8 of 2,000 were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg). Only two of the eight women had a risk factor as currently defined by the Centers for Disease Control. Screening of all pregnant women is necessary to identify those HBSAg-positive women capable of transmitting the hepatitis B virus to their infants. All the other obstetric surveys reviewed support the need to screen obstetric patients and to provide immunoprophylaxis to the infants at risk of perinatal infection. This policy is necessary to prevent perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus and is cost effective.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1989

Treatment of resistant schizophrenia with valproate and neuroleptic drugs.

Four cases of resistant Schizophrenia treated with valproate association with different neuroleptic drugs (thioridazine in three cases and loxapine in one) are presented. After a mean period of three months with this treatment, clinical improvement, consisting in a reduction of positive symptoms, as measured by the BPRS, and a normalization of hostile/disruptive behavior, was observed, and hospital discharge was possible. Reduction of symptoms was still present after a follow-up of 4 to 24 months. As valproate is a drug with gabaergic properties, a GABA involvement in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia is discussed. The association of valproate to neuroleptic drugs should be considered in the treatment of resistant Schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[AIDS, youth, values].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Receptor-mediated uptake of beta-glucuronidase into primary astrocytes and C6 glioma cells from rat brain.

The ability of both primary astrocytes from rat cerebrum and a rat C6 glioma cell line to take up lysosomal enzymes by receptor-mediated endocytosis was compared. The beta-glucuronidase secreted by 3T3 fibroblasts was purified to homogeneity by antibody affinity chromatography, iodinated and used as a typical enzyme to determine the nature of receptors involved in its uptake into glial cells. Both primary astrocytes and C6 glioma cells took up 125I-labelled enzyme in a rapid and saturable manner indicative of specific receptors, while immunostaining with an anti-mouse beta-glucuronidase antibody showed that the enzyme was distributed in a mainly punctate pattern after uptake, characteristic of that of lysosomes. Subcellular fractionation of C6 glioma cells following endocytosis revealed that the enzyme became localised in lysosomes, after first passing through an endosomal compartment. Uptake of enzyme was reduced markedly after its sugar side chains had been removed with N-glycanase, indicating that endocytosis was mediated via a carbohydrate-recognising receptor. A range of carbohydrates and glycoproteins were tested for their ability to inhibit receptor-mediated endocytosis but of these only sialic acid had a notable effect. Further evidence that endocytosis of beta-glucuronidase into primary astrocytes and C6 gliomas may be mediated via sialic acid receptors was provided by the large reduction in rate of uptake observed following removal of this sugar from the enzyme with sialidase.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Most human carcinomas of the exocrine pancreas contain mutant c-K-ras genes.

Using in vitro gene amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and mutation detection by the RNAase A mismatch cleavage method, we have examined c-K-ras genes in human pancreatic carcinomas. We used frozen tumor specimens and single 5 micron sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissue surgically removed or obtained at autopsy. Twenty-one out of 22 carcinomas of the exocrine pancreas contained c-K-ras genes with mutations at codon 12. In seven cases tested, the mutation was present in both primary tumors and their corresponding metastases. No mutations were detected in normal tissue from the same cancer patients or in five gall bladder carcinomas. We conclude from these results that c-K-ras somatic mutational activation is a critical event in the oncogenesis of most, if not all, human cancers of the exocrine pancreas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

The purification and characterization of a glomerular-basement-membrane-degrading neutral proteinase from rat mesangial cells.

A neutral proteinase, capable of degrading gelatin, has been found in both an active and a latent form in the medium from the culture of rat mesangial cells. The latent form had an Mr of 80,000-100,000 and could be activated with either 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate or prolonged incubation at neutral pH. The active form of the enzyme was extensively purified. The estimated Mr of the purified enzyme on gel filtration was approximately 200,000, indicating that the active enzyme formed aggregates. However, analysis by SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions showed two protein bands, with Mr 68,000 and 66,000. Both proteins were found to contain proteolytic activity when run on SDS/substrate gels. The enzyme was inhibited by EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline, but not by inhibitors for cysteine, serine or aspartic proteinases. The enzyme did not digest fibronectin, bovine serum albumin, proteoglycan or interstitial collagen. The enzyme degraded pepsin-solubilized placental type V collagen at 31 degrees C, whereas similarly solubilized type IV collagen was only degraded at higher temperatures. In addition, the neutral proteinase degraded native soluble type IV collagen. It also had activity on insoluble type IV collagen of glomerular basement membrane. The above properties suggest that the mesangial neutral proteinase belongs to the gelatinase group of metalloproteinases and that it may play a role in the normal turnover of extracellular glomerular matrix.

Animals↗