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Biomedical subjects

J Martin

Publications and source records attributed to J Martin.

At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Alexithymia in males at high genetic risk for alcoholism.

Recent research has demonstrated that males at high genetic risk for alcoholism are more cardiovascularly reactive to an unavoidable stressor than those at moderate and low genetic risk for the disorder. Alcohol has also been found to dramatically decrease this cardiovascular hyperreactivity in high risk subjects. The mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular hyperreactivity may reflect some deficit in autonomic nervous system modulation. This apparent deficit is similar to that associated with alexithymia. The present report is an investigation of the presence of alexithymic traits in these high-risk subjects. Nonalcoholic males at high, moderate and low genetic risk for alcoholism were administered the Schalling-Sifneos Personality Scale as a measure of alexithymia. The subjects at high genetic risk for alcoholism were found to be more alexithymic than both control groups. The potential role of alexithymic traits in the etiology of one form of alcoholism is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Primary liver cancer mortality and incidence in Texas Mexican Americans, 1969-80.

During the years 1969-80, primary liver cancer mortality rates for Mexican American males were 2.2 times higher than for other Whites; Mexican American females had rates 2.8 times higher than other White females. Age-specific mortality rates showed even higher risks for older Mexican Americans exceeding both other White and Black rates three to four-fold. Incidence data for El Paso County (Texas) confirmed the increased risk for Mexican American males (risk ratio = 2.3) and females (risk ratio = 13.7). Cirrhosis mortality was also higher in Texas Mexican Americans but risk ratios were not as large as seen for primary liver cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Cancer mortality among Mexican Americans and other whites in Texas, 1969-80.

Cancer mortality in Texas 1969-80 was 25 per cent lower among Mexican American males compared to other Whites; among females, rates were only 4 per cent lower. Reduced mortality was primarily a result of lower rates for cancers of the most common sites: lung, colon, breast and prostate. However, for cancers of the stomach, liver, and gallbladder, Mexican Americans had higher rates than other Whites. Female Mexican Americans were also at a higher mortality risk for cervical cancer. Implications are discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Perfluorochemicals as gastrointestinal contrast agents for MR imaging: preliminary studies in rats and humans.

The ability to distinguish bowel from other intraabdominal structures is essential for the accurate diagnosis of intraabdominal disease with MR. Because perfluorochemicals have no protons, they cause no MR signal. Since they are immiscible with water, they create a signal void in bowel independent of bowel contents and thus are suitable as oral contrast agents. Furthermore, they are tasteless and odorless and have no side effects. We evaluated the use of perfluorochemicals by performing MR scans of the abdomen in rats after the oral administration of unemulsified perfluorohexylbromide or perfluoroctylbromide. Since the latter is approved as an investigational drug for oral use in humans, two volunteers were also studied. Both compounds created signal void in the bowel of both rats and human subjects allowing identification of the gastrointestinal tract. The results suggest that these compounds have potential as oral contrast agents for MR imaging.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

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General Surgery↗
PubMed1987

A randomized controlled trial of an information booklet for hypertensive patients in general practice.

A randomized controlled trial of an information and medical record booklet designed to improve patient understanding and participation in the management of hypertension was conducted in six inner London general practices. After one year there were no significant differences between the group who had received the booklets and the control group in mean systolic or diastolic blood pressure, but the study group scored significantly higher on knowledge about hypertension and its management. However, the difference between the two groups was small, possibly because both groups started with a high level of understanding about hypertension and its management. In addition, the mean diastolic blood pressure in the control group showed that the treatment provided was already satisfactory, and that there was little need for improvement. Nevertheless, the information booklet evaluated in this study provides health professionals with a highly acceptable method of informing the patient about hypertension and its management and could be used both in hospital and general practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Anti-ischemic effects of trimetazidine: 31P-NMR spectroscopy in the isolated rat heart.

The effects of trimetazidine (TMZ) on ischemia-induced metabolic damage were evaluated by 31P-NMR spectroscopy in the isolated rat heart. Isolated rat hearts underwent retrograde perfusion (37 degrees C, 9.81 kPa, pH 7.4, bicarbonate buffer) and were subjected to either partial global ischemia (24 min, 0.2 ml.min-1 residual coronary flow) or total global ischemia (12 min, no flow). 31P-NMR spectra (132 accumulations, 45 degrees, 101.3 MHz) were recorded every 3 min. Changes in cardiac ATP, PC and Pi were followed, and intracellular pH was estimated from the chemical shift of Pi. Trimetazidine (TMZ) was added to the perfusion fluid at the beginning of the perfusion. The drug was used at 2 concentrations: 6.10(-7) M, with no effect upon cardiac contractility under normoxic conditions, and 6.10(-4) M, which significantly depresses cardiac work. When TMZ was used at a concentration of 6.10(-7) M, intracellular acidosis at the end of the 24 min low-flow ischemia protocol was lower than in control hearts (6.6 vs 6.0). During reperfusion, restoration of phosphorylation (as expressed by ATP/Pi ratios) was accelerated by the drug. Similar but more pronounced effects were seen following 12 min total ischemia when TMZ was used at a concentration (6.10(-4) M) which brings about a reduction in cardiac work. In this case, myocardial ATP content was also protected during ischemia. It is concluded that restoration of phosphorylation processes upon reperfusion is more rapid under the effects of trimetazidine than in control hearts. Protection of the mechanisms or structures involved in energy transfer could be due to a reduction in ischemia-induced intracellular acidosis under the effect of TMZ.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1987

Endocytosis of particulate and soluble IgG immune complexes: differential effects of cytoskeletal modulating agents.

We determined the ability of cytoskeletal modulating agents to affect endocytosis of particulate and soluble immune complexes. Either immunoglobulin G-opsonized 51Cr-labelled erythrocytes (E) or 125I-labelled soluble IgG anti-dinitrophenyl immune complexes (IC) were added to adherent murine peritoneal macrophages and the extent of internalization was measured. Either intracellular 51Cr radioactivity or trichloroacetic acid soluble 125I radioactivity was monitored as an indication of uptake by the cell. In addition to cytochalasin B and colchicine, the phospholipid methylation inhibitors, 3-deazaadenosine and 3-deaza(+/-)aristeromycin, were used. Whereas incubation of macrophages with colchicine alone resulted in 50% inhibition of uptake of E-IgG, there was no effect on the degradation of soluble IC. Both cytochalasin B and colchicine produced a 95% inhibition of E-IgG uptake by macrophages, but these drugs only minimally inhibited (17%) the degradation of soluble immune complexes. Both inhibitors of methylation produced a 50% decrease in phospholipid methylation in treated cells. However, only 3-deazaadenosine inhibited phagocytosis (50% of control for E-IgG and 75% of control for soluble IC). These data suggest that an intact cytoskeleton is necessary for the uptake of a particulate immune complex and much less important for the internalization and degradation of these model soluble immune complexes. In addition, inhibition of phospholipid methylation reactions alone do not impare the uptake and degradation of either a soluble or a particulate immune complex.

Adenosine↗