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Biomedical subjects

J Martin

Publications and source records attributed to J Martin.

At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Implantable subcutaneous venous catheters.

Twelve totally implantable subcutaneous central venous catheter systems were used in paediatric oncology patients. Complications were few--namely, blockage and four infective episodes, all of which were successfully treated. Infective rate was 0.189 episodes per 100 days' use, which is substantially lower than that reported with other central venous catheters.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1986

Face mask physiotherapy in cystic fibrosis.

The use of the 'PEP' mask with forced expiratory coughing was compared with conventional physiotherapy over a one month period. No difference was shown in symptom scores, sputum production, or simple lung function tests. The mask was well accepted and allowed independent treatment by older patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Aluminum lactate treatment alters the lung biological activity of quartz.

Previous studies of surface modification of quartz particles have suggested that the biological activity of silica is at least in part related to its surface properties. In the present study, we exposed the tracheal lobe of 8 sheep to either 100 ml saline (saline group), 100 mg of quartz (Minusil-5) in 100 ml saline (SI group) or 100 mg of Al lactate treated quartz in 100 ml saline (SI-Al group). The 24 sheep were studied by bronchoalveolar lavage at days 0, 12, 24, 40, 60 and by autopsy at day 60. In the saline group, BAL analyses were as previously reported [1]. In the SI group, we found significant and sustained increases in total BAL cells (x 2, P less than 0.05), macrophages and lymphocytes (x 2, P less than 0.05), neutrophils (x 5-10, P less than 0.01), IgG (x 1.2-1.8, P less than 0.05), fibronectin (x 2-3, P less than 0.05), lactate dehydrogenase (x 3, P less than 0.01) and alkaline phosphatase (x 2, P less than 0.05). Histologically, a macrophagic and lymphocytic alveolitis was observed at day 60. In the SI-Al group, these changes were significantly attenuated and in the above parameters, SI-Al group did not differ from saline group after day 24. These data of BAL and histology of the sheep tracheal lobe model document clearly that aluminum lactate treatment alters the biological activity of quartz.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

In vitro assessment of CI-934--a new quinolone derivative.

CI-934 is a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone. We have studied its in vitro activity against 203 bacteria and compared it with ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, ampicillin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, gentamicin, vancomycin and erythromycin. Against Gram-negative pathogens CI-934 showed broad-spectrum activity comparable to enoxacin. Of more interest is its superior activity against Gram-positive bacteria, especially Streptococcus pneumoniae and enterococci. This was further studied by observing its activity in comparison with ampicillin in in vitro kinetic studies. CI-934 was either equally or more rapidly bactericidal than ampicillin at concentrations of 1, 4, and 16 X MIC. On the basis of these findings further in vivo studies appear justified.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1986

Subclinical diabetes mellitus in the BB rat.

The spontaneously diabetic BB Wistar rat is a well recognized animal model for the study of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Previously we have noted hyperglycemia and insulitis in BB rats without clinical diabetes. 121 rats were studied prospectively. 43 (36%) were normal and 64 (52%) developed IDDM suspected by the presence of glycosuria and acute weight loss, and confirmed with pancreatic histology. In the remaining 14 (12%) animals, pancreatic histology was also abnormal, varying from mild insulitis only to moderate insulitis and beta-cell degranulation. Since these rats gained weight normally, had no glycosuria, or hyperglycemia they were designated as having subclinical diabetes. At death, their plasma-insulin concentrations and the amount of extracted pancreatic insulin was intermediate between that of the normal and diabetic group (p less than 0.001). We have identified a group of rats with pancreatic features of diabetes but no clinical expression. Further investigation of this syndrome may reveal clinical, immunological or histological features which protect these animals from the development of overt disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Reference intervals for vitamins B1, B2, E, D, retinol, beta-carotene, and folate in blood: usefulness of dietary selection criteria.

Reference intervals for normal concentrations in blood of vitamins B1, B2, E, D, retinol, beta-carotene, and folic acid were determined from a selected sample of people attending a Health Examination Center or being examined in occupational health services in France. This reference sample consisted of 362 men and women, ages 18 to 44 years, selected according to the main variation factors known for the vitamins studied: consumption of tobacco and alcohol, ponderal index (relating height and weight), use of drugs and oral contraceptives, and past history of surgical or medical treatment. Reference intervals were determined for each sex. Vitamin B1 (erythrocyte transketolase activity), plasma retinol, and folic acid values in whole blood are significantly higher in men than in women (p less than 0.001), but vitamin B2 (activation of erythrocyte glutathione reductase) and plasma beta-carotene values are significantly higher in women (p less than 0.001 and less than 0.01 respectively). Dietary intake of vitamins produced no significant displacement of the reference values. For each vitamin we discuss the other major sources of variation factors and the usual values reported in the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Contraception and informatics. SELF, a system to aid medical decisions applied to the prescription of contraceptive methods].

SELF (systeme en logique floue = system in soft discware), developed by the Computer Sciences Laboratory of the Faculté de Médecine in Nancy, is, by comparison to many systems of assistance in medical decisions already existing, a comprehensive and simple unit enabling the construction and modification of basic knowledge as well as its questioning. The first application of SELF concerned the field of gynecology, by producing a system of assistance applied to the prescription of a contraceptive method. The systematic use of this computer program along with the traditional prescription of a contraceptive method, was tested for three months in the Regional Maternity Hospital by several physicians in the Gynecology Clinic. The system was extremely well accepted and the responses have generated numerous discussions between physicians leading to an improvement of SELF and a better rationalization of the prescription. The medical and paramedical personnel in training at the hospital found SELF to be a teaching tool which, on the basis of simulated cases, permits an easier and more concrete explanation of the practical management in advising or prescribing a contraceptive method.

Contraceptive Agents, Female↗
PubMed1986

Carcinogenicity of 1-methyl-3(p-chlorophenyl)-1-nitrosourea and its 1-methyl trideuterated derivative in rats.

The carcinogenic activity of 1-methyl-3(p-chlorophenyl)-1-nitrosourea (Cl-MPNU) and its 1-methyl trideuterated analog (Cl-MPNU-d3) was compared by intragastric administration to hooded rats of equimolar doses of both compounds. A 100% frequency of forestomach tumors was observed in both groups. However, the mean latency period of the animals treated with Cl-MPNU-d3 was significantly longer (P less than 0.01). The results suggest the occurrence of a deuterium isotope effect in nitrosoureas but not as distinct as in nitrosamines.

Animals↗