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Biomedical subjects

J Martinius

Publications and source records attributed to J Martinius.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Requests for compensation for immaterial damage: child and adolescent psychiatric legal assessment in conjunction with the revised legislation].

Child and adolescent psychiatry is concerned with many forensic questions. Among these, expert testimony about immaterial injury (pain, suffering) in conjunction with claims for compensation is being requested with increasing frequency. Until recently German law took the position that in cases of severe brain damage compensation (smart money) had to be granted only as a symbolic payment because the loss of cognition and lack of suffering excluded a feeling of satisfaction resulting from compensation. The highest court in Germany has now revised its position by introducing a new category of immaterial injury. This additional category refers to cases of severe brain damage where the "loss of personal quality" in itself creates the basis for a claim for compensation. As a result, related medical examinations and evaluations require as careful a description as possible and the use of scales to assess quality of life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The developmental approach to psychopathology in childhood and adolescence.

The task of developmental psychopathology is to integrate biological processes of maturation with psychological interactions and social influences. Attempts to explain behavioural maladaptation during childhood therefore require multi-level models. Examples are given in which structural lesions are obvious (fetal alcohol syndrome) or less clear (learning disabilities) and in which the expression of psychopathology varies with development. Recent work suggest adult schizophrenia to be related to prenatal neuropathology, thereby opening new perspectives for developmental studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Periodic psychosis in adolescence].

In view of the fact that in the early part of this century Emil Kraepelin clearly described the relationship between psychotic episodes and the menstrual cycle it is surprising that the scientific elucidation of the phenomenon as a primary endocrine disorder came only decades later. Furthermore, the German literature has paid little attention to the problem, which was given the name "periodic psychosis of puberty" in 1963. In this article an overview of the literature is given, the symptoms and course of the disorder are described and two cases are reported. The course appears to be variable. There can be spontaneous remission after a variable length of time but also a transition into other forms of psychosis. The treatment is pharmacological.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Anorectic reactions in low intelligence].

Six female in-patients suffering from anorectic reaction are described. Difficulties in diagnosis and differences between these patients and anorectic patients of normal intelligence are discussed. The main finding is that in all six cases there was an extremely close and symbiotic mother-child relationship and a weak or absent father. Relevant life events in the nuclear family (new partner for the mother, illness in the father) then triggered the eating disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Inadequacy of the "hyperkinetic syndrome" diagnosis and practical consequences].

Hyperkinetic behavior has been defined and is easy to diagnose. It occurs in a "pure" form as a combination of the major symptoms of hyperkinetic syndrome. More frequently, however, the behavior is associated with additional behavior problems or is part of other psychopathological syndromes, e.g. conduct disorder. Intermediate forms and subgroups have begun to emerge, each with its own course and prognosis. But so far classification systems have not adopted further distinctions. Our own observations indicate that in practice the term hyperkinetic syndrome is often used without further differentiation or is even applied to cases belonging in other diagnostic categories. We speculate that the availability of drug treatment is the explanation for the widespread use of the undifferentiated diagnostic term.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1991

[Inpatient management of adolescent psychiatric patients. A single day study].

The distribution of disorders in a one-day sample of 1806 adolescents receiving inpatient psychiatric care and classified with the diagnostic system ICD-9 is described. Of the inpatient psychiatric facilities for adolescents in the Federal Republic of Germany and West Berlin, 85% responded to our questionnaire. The main findings were: 1) More of the inpatients were male than female (1:0.8); 2) 80% of the patients were being treated at non-university facilities; 3) differences in diagnose between university and other hospitals were small and concerned only psychosis, eating disorders and oligophrenia; 4) the most frequent diagnoses were psychosis and neurosis (20% each), followed by special symptoms/syndromes and conduct disorders (between 10% and 15% each) and emotional disorders (10%); 5) other disorders were less common (under 10% each); 6) a comparison of the different Länder in the Federal Republic indicated that some regions do not have enough inpatient facilities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[EEG changes and seizures with clozapine medication in schizophrenic adolescents].

Clozapine is an effective antipsychotic agent with atypical neuroleptic and side effects. The risk of pathological changes in the EEG and of seizures is correlated to the dosage administered. With dosages of 300 mg/day or higher the EEG should be monitored regularly. The neurophysiological effects of this drug, known only in adults up till now, were also found in adolescents suffering from schizophrenia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Psychological and ethical problems arising for physicians and parents from the prenatal diagnosis of malformations.

Early diagnosis of a malformation has positive effects for the parents. Transitory agitation is followed by acception of the fact and stabilization. Obstetrical departments use a scheme of steps, which starts with talking to the mother and relating the problems in stages and continues with presentation of the case at a staff conference with obstetrician, pediatrician, and pediatric surgeon, and ends with psychotherapeutic consultation if necessary. The emotional situation of pregnancy with a malformed child and confrontation triggering a sequence of emotional reactions including wide individual variations are described. The use of new prenatal diagnostic techniques requires care in recognizing the psychological aspects and needs originating from unfavorable diagnoses.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1986

[Psychological sequelae of child abuse].

During the past decade personality development of abused children has been studied by several investigators. A comparative overview of the results allows to name a number of symptoms which appear to be characteristic. The symptomatology expresses an ongoing conflict between resistance and resignation by restlessness, aggressivity and withdrawal on the one hand, and by low self esteem, pseudo-adult behavior and perfectionism on the other. The psychological consequences are the result not only of parental personality and aggression but also of social conditions and of factors which are inherent to the child. Treatment needs to include all three pathogenetic areas.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1983

Homicide of an aggressive adolescent boy with right temporal lesion: a case report.

The case is reported of a 14-year-old male who killed an 8-year-old child following an alleged insult. The subject had been known to be aggressive throughout his school career. He had suffered one nocturnal seizure at the age of 13, but he never was amnesic for any of his fights. There was a history of possible hypoxic birth trauma. Neuropsychiatric investigation revealed developmental lags in speech and other psychosocial skills and, on computer tomography, a circumscribed lesion (cystic defect) lateral to the right nucleus amygdalae.

Adolescent↗