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Biomedical subjects

J Mathews

Publications and source records attributed to J Mathews.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Reconstruction using the saddle prosthesis following excision of primary and metastatic periacetabular tumors.

From 1988 to 1991, 17 patients with malignant periacetabular tumors underwent limb-sparing surgery and reconstruction using the saddle prosthesis. There were 8 patients with primary malignant lesions (Group 1), and 9 patients with metastatic or systemic tumor involving the periacetabular pelvis (Group 2). All resections included excision of the acetabulum. Patients ranged in age from 24 to 76 years (average, 59.8 years). Local control was achieved in all patients. Wide margins were obtained in all patients with primary pelvic tumors. Functional outcomes were rated as follows excellent (10), good (2), fair (1), and poor (4). Three patients, all of whom had pulmonary metastasis before surgery, died within 8 months of surgery. Of the remaining 14 patients, 5 patients died between 6 and 28 months after the index procedure. At the end of the followup period, 9 patients were still alive (6 in Group 1 and 3 in Group 2), with a followup period ranging from 15 to 62 months (average, 33.4 months). The overall results for surviving patients were 7 excellent and 2 good results, with no fair or poor results.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1994

Intravenous access in the critically ill trauma patient: a multicentered, prospective, randomized trial of saphenous cutdown and percutaneous femoral access.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the speed of IV access and the rate of infusion for saphenous venous cutdown and percutaneous femoral catheterization. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, multicentered trial. Patient enrollment occurred from September 1990 through September 1991. SETTING: Patients were enrolled at three urban Level I trauma centers. TYPE OF PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-eight critically ill trauma patients. INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomized to one of two groups: saphenous cutdown or percutaneous femoral line. After successful cannulation of the vein, 1 L of crystalloid was infused by gravity. RESULTS: The mean procedure time for the cutdown group was 5.63 +/- 2.58 minutes compared with 3.18 +/- 1.19 minutes for the femoral line group (P < .0001). The mean infusion time for the cutdown group was 6.65 +/- 4.29 minutes compared with 4.56 +/- 2.47 minutes for the femoral line group (P < .03). The mean overall time for the cutdown group was 11.76 +/- 4.81 minutes compared with 7.67 +/- 2.78 minutes for the femoral line group (P < .0002). CONCLUSION: Percutaneous femoral catheterization can be performed more rapidly than saphenous cutdown in the critically ill trauma patient with a palpable femoral pulse and allows for more rapid fluid administration. We support the use of a percutaneous femoral line as an acceptable alternative to saphenous venous cutdown in the initial resuscitation of trauma patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Streptokinase alleles and disease association in group A streptococci.

Allele-specific oligonucleotides were used for PCR-based typing of the streptokinase locus of group A streptococcal strains, including well characterized type strains, isolates from patients with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis and strains from Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory of Australia. The streptokinase SKN allele, previously thought to be associated with glomerulonephritis, was no more frequent in nephritogenic than in non-nephritogenic streptococcal strains in this collection.

Alleles↗
PubMed1992

Current serum levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in phenoxy acid herbicide applicators and characterization of historical levels.

BACKGROUND: Workers who sprayed phenoxy acid herbicides, especially those who sprayed before 1975, may have been exposed to significant amounts of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a potent animal carcinogen present in herbicide preparations as a contaminant. PURPOSE: The aims of this study were (a) to determine serum levels of TCDD in a representative sample of workers occupationally exposed to the agent during the spraying of phenoxy acid herbicides; (b) to compare serum levels in workers exposed before 1965, when concentrations in herbicide products were unregulated and high, with levels in workers exposed after 1974, when concentrations were lower as a result of government regulations worldwide; and (c) to examine the correlation, if any, between serum levels and duration of employment in spraying. METHODS: Thirty-seven subjects were randomly selected from a group of 654 men who had sprayed the herbicides 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in Australia for at least 12 months. The workers were classified as follows: eight who sprayed only before 1965, nine who sprayed only during the period after 1964 and before 1975, and 20 who sprayed during the period after 1974 and before 1991. Serum from the workers was analyzed for TCDD by high-resolution gas chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry at a detection limit of 0.6 parts per trillion (ppt) on a lipid-weight basis. In addition, rates of exposure to TCDD were estimated, as were TCDD serum concentrations at termination of employment and intensity of herbicide use. RESULTS: Only one worker, with a serum TCDD level of 34 ppt, had a serum level higher than the maximum level of 26 ppt reported for the general population. Assuming a half-life of 7.1 years, we estimated the mean exposure rates to be 2.7, 2.3, and 0.06 ppt/mo for the three epochs, respectively. We found the highest serum level of TCDD at the time of cessation of employment to be 329 ppt. Calendar period and intensity of use of 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D were statistically significant determinants of rate of exposure to TCDD, but 2,4-D was associated with exposure rate only for the pre-1975 periods. Estimated rates prior to 1965 were more than an order of magnitude higher than those after 1974. CONCLUSION: The highest estimated exposure rate was 20.7 ppt/mo, which suggests that some sprayers may have been exposed to levels comparable with those that produce cancer in laboratory animals.

2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMed1992

Rheumatoid arthritis in twins: a study of aetiopathogenesis based on the Australian Twin Registry.

The 1980 cohort of the Australian Twin Registry contains 3808 pairs of twins, 258 of whom self reported a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in one or both subjects. Seventy two pairs were lost to follow up by 1990. The remaining 186 pairs received a self administered questionnaire, followed, if necessary, by telephone interviews to them, their general practitioners, and their specialists. Twenty discordant and three concordant pairs of twins were verified as having RA. The prevalence of RA in this sample was 0.40%. There was an 89% false positive rate for the self reported diagnosis of RA. Pairwise concordance percentages for RA were as follows: monozygotic 21% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 6 to 44), dizygotic 0% (95% CI = 0 to 25). It was concluded that: (a) there is a high false positive rate in self reporting RA; (b) the prevalence of RA in Australia may be less than the 0.8-1.0% often quoted; and (c) genetic factors play some part in the aetiopathogenesis of RA but do not account entirely for its determination.

Adolescent↗