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Biomedical subjects

J Maw

Publications and source records attributed to J Maw.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Tympanic membrane patching with bandage contact lens after removal of ventilation T tubes.

OBJECTIVE: Early closure of the tympanic membrane, after removal of longstanding ventilation T tubes (VTs), is a desirable outcome. A prospective randomized control study was undertaken to determine if spontaneous healing of the tympanic membrane is promoted with a bandage contact lens (BCL). METHOD: Thirty-nine paediatric patients, who required removal of VTs under general anaesthesia, were selected. After removal of the ventilation tubes, one tympanic membrane was randomly selected for patching with a BCL, while the other underwent conservative management. Follow-up examination was performed at 2 weeks. Remaining perforations of the tympanic membranes were noted. The mean length of time VTs were present was 35.7 months. RESULTS: Chi-square analysis reveals that a significantly greater proportion of tympanic membranes patched with a BCL were healed at 2 weeks (p < .005). CONCLUSIONS: Thus, promotion of spontaneous healing with BCL may allow for decreased risk of infection, improved hearing, and earlier avoidance of precautions necessary for perforated tympanic membranes. Also, it is possible that promoting spontaneous healing at the early phase may decrease the number of persistent tympanic membrane perforations after VT removal.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Tissue adhesive versus suture wound repair at 1 year: randomized clinical trial correlating early, 3-month, and 1-year cosmetic outcome.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the 1-year cosmetic outcome of wounds treated with octylcyanoacrylate tissue adhesive and monofilament sutures and to correlate the early, 3-month, and 1-year cosmetic outcomes. METHODS: We prospectively randomized 136 cases of traumatic laceration to repair with octylcyanoacrylate tissue adhesive or 5-0 or smaller monofilament suture. A wound score was assigned by a research nurse, and validated by a second nurse blinded to the treatment, at 5 to 10 days after injury (early), 3 months, and 1 year. Standardized photographs were taken at 3 months and 1 year and shown to a cosmetic surgeon blinded to the method of closure, who rated the wounds on a validated cosmesis scale. RESULTS: We were able to examine 77 lacerations at 1 year for follow-up. No differences were found in the demographic or clinical characteristics between groups. Likewise, at 1 year no difference was found in the optimal wound scores (73% versus 68%, P =.60) or in visual analog scale cosmesis scores (69 versus 69 mm, P =.95) for octylcyanoacrylate and sutures, respectively. Agreement was poor between early and 3-month wound scores (kappa=.34; 95% confidence interval [CI],.10 to.58) but a strong association existed between 3-month and 1-year wound scores (kappa=.71; 95% CI,.52 to.90). We noted a moderate correlation between 3-month and 1-year results on the visual analog cosmesis scale (intraclass correlation,.48; 95% CI, .30 to.63). CONCLUSION: One year after wound repair, no difference is noted in the cosmetic outcomes of traumatic lacerations treated with octylcyanoacrylate tissue adhesive and sutures. The assessment of wounds 3 months after injury and wound repair provides a good measure of long-term cosmetic outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

A randomized trial comparing octylcyanoacrylate tissue adhesive and sutures in the management of lacerations.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a new tissue adhesive for laceration closure. DESIGN: A prospective, randomized controlled trial. SETTING: An adult teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred thirty patients with 136 lacerations who consented to enrollment during a 5-month period. The lacerations included all eligible nonmucosal facial lacerations, as well as selected extremity and torso lacerations (not on hands, feet, or joints). One hundred six lacerations were available for early follow-up, and 98 were available for 3-month evaluation. INTERVENTIONS: Lacerations were randomly allocated to have skin closure with octylcyanoacrylate adhesive or monofilament suture. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: A 3-month photograph of the wound was assigned a cosmesis score on a previously validated 100-mm visual analog cosmesis scale by a plastic surgeon who was unaware of the method of wound closure. RESULTS: There were no differences in the mean visual analog cosmesis scores (67 mm for octylcyanoacrylate vs 68 mm for sutures; P=.65). Similarly, there was no difference in the percentage of early (80% vs 82%; P=.80) or late (72% vs 75%; P=.74) optimal wound evaluation scores. The tissue adhesive was a faster method of wound repair (3.6 vs 12.4 minutes; P<.001) as well as being less painful (visual analog pain scores, 7.2 vs 18.0 mm; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Octylcyanoacrylate tissue adhesive effectively closes selected lacerations. This relatively painless and fast method of wound repair can replace the need for suturing several million lacerations each year.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Octylcyanoacrylate tissue adhesive versus suture wound repair in a contaminated wound model.

BACKGROUND: Octylcyanoacrylate tissue adhesive is a topical wound closure that precludes the need for foreign bodies (sutures) to close wounds. It also has an in vitro antimicrobial effect when standard disc sensitivity tests are used. METHODS: To determine whether contaminated wounds closed with octylcyanoacrylate tissue adhesive will have a lower infection rate compared with wounds closed with 5-0 monofilament sutures, we designed a randomized, blinded, experimental animal study. Two incisions were made on 20 albino guinea pigs. The wounds were contaminated with 10(5) Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12600 and randomly assigned to be closed with either topical octylcyanoacrylate tissue adhesive or percutaneous 5-0 polypropylene suture. Five days later the adhesive and sutures were removed, and a section of the wound was given to a histopathologist blinded to the type of wound closure. The wound was determined to be infected if inflammatory cells with intracellular cocci were seen. The rest of the wound was opened and examined for clinical evidence of infection. Quantitative bacteriologic analysis was performed. RESULTS: Five wounds in the tissue adhesive group were sterile on day 5, whereas all sutured wounds had positive cultures (25% versus 0%, p < 0.05). Fewer wounds in the tissue adhesive group were determined to be infected by histologic and clinical criteria (0% versus 55%, p < 0.001, and 20% versus 65%, p < 0.01, respectively). Agreement on the determination of infection by histologic and clinical criteria yielded a kappa coefficient of 0.46 (95% confidence interval [GI], 0.19 to 0.73). An infection criterion of 10(5) colony-forming units/gm of tissue correlated poorly with clinical and histologic infection rates (0.19 [95% CI, -0.06 to 0.44] and 0.13 [95% CI, -0.05 to 0.31], respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Contaminated wounds closed with sutures had higher infection rates compared with those reported with topical tissue adhesive. The amount of colonization may not be an accurate method to determine infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty versus laser-assisted uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in the treatment of snoring.

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to compare the efficacy, pain, and complication rates between laser-assisted uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and conventional tonsillectomy and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. METHOD: Eighty patients who had undergone the laser procedure and 29 the conventional procedure were studied prospectively. Snoring was measured using a new numeric snoring scale. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between groups for final snoring scores, pain, or complication rates. The criteria for selecting uvulopalatopharyngoplasty candidates, which is described, resulted in a 97% success rate in the treatment of snoring. CONCLUSION: Laser-assisted uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and conventional tonsillectomy and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty are equally effective in the management of snoring in correctly selected patients. They are similarly painful procedures. A new and simple numeric snoring scale is described.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

BQ-153, a novel endothelin (ET)A antagonist, attenuates the renal vascular effects of endothelin-1.

Endothelin (ET)-1, leukotriene D4 and the thromboxane analogue, U-44069, were all shown to produce dose-dependent reductions in renal blood flow after direct injection into the renal artery of anaesthetized pigs. The effects of ET-1 differed from the other two mediators in that ET-1 caused a transient vasodilator followed by a prolonged vasoconstrictor response. The pressor response was not mediated by the secondary release of either leukotriene D4 or thromboxane A2 as evidenced by the lack of effect of appropriate receptor antagonist MK571 (3-[-2(7-chloro-2 quinolinyl) ethenyl]phenyl[3-(dimethylamino-3-oxopropyl)thio]methyl thio propionic acid) and L-670,596 respectively. This response, however, could be inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion by the selective ETA antagonist, BQ-153 (cyclo-D-sulphalanine-L-Pro-D-Val-L-Leu-D-Trp-). Following blockade by BQ-153 the vasodilator response was unaffected and a residual pressor response remained, suggesting that either or both of these effects were mediated either through an ETB or a novel, as yet undefined, endothelin receptor.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1975

The serological diagnosis of bovine brucellosis: an evaluation of the complement fixation, serum agglutination and rose bengal tests.

In a collaborative investigation in which 4 laboratories took part, the Rose Bengal Test (RBT), Serum Agglutination Test (SAT) and 4 different Complement Fixation (CFT) techniques were evaluated in selected cattle for the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis, by comparing the results they gave with the bacteriological examination of a selection of lymph nodes taken from the same animals at slaughter. The RBT correctly classified all but 1 of 79 culture-positive cattle, but was more often positive in culture-negative animals than the other tests. The RBT may be most useful as a screen test. 11% of the culture-positive cattle had SAT titres below 100 iu and almost 4% of them had less than 30 iu. However, the SAT was more effective in cattle vaccinated with the 45/20 vaccine. The CFT, in 1 of 4 techniques used, identified all of the culture-positive cattle at a serum dilution of 1/4 or above and was considered to be far superior to the SAT as a diagnostic test, except perhaps in cattle vaccinated with the 45/20 vaccine.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Healthy staff, healthy profits.

This article discusses the development and contemporary scope for practice of occupational health nurses whose names appear on Part 1 of the Professional Register of the UK Central Council for Nursing Midwifery and Health Visiting (UKCC) and who hold a post-registration qualification in occupational health nursing recorded with the UKCC.

Certification↗