PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Mazet

Publications and source records attributed to J Mazet.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Transmission of Toxoplasma: clues from the study of sea otters as sentinels of Toxoplasma gondii flow into the marine environment.

Toxoplasma gondii affects a wide variety of hosts including threatened southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) which serve as sentinels for the detection of the parasite's transmission into marine ecosystems. Toxoplasmosis is a major cause of mortality and contributor to the slow rate of population recovery for southern sea otters in California. An updated seroprevalence analysis showed that 52% of 305 freshly dead, beachcast sea otters and 38% of 257 live sea otters sampled along the California coast from 1998 to 2004 were infected with T. gondii. Areas with high T. gondii exposure were predominantly sandy bays near urban centres with freshwater runoff. Genotypic characterisation of 15 new T. gondii isolates obtained from otters in 2004 identified only X alleles at B1 and SAG1. A total of 38/50 or 72% of all otter isolates so far examined have been infected with a Type X strain. Type X isolates were also obtained from a Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) and California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Molecular analysis using the C8 RAPD marker showed that the X isolates were more genetically heterogeneous than archetypal Type I, II and III genotypes of T. gondii. The origin and transmission of the Type X T. gondii genotype are not yet clear. Sea otters do not prey on known intermediate hosts for T. gondii and vertical transmission appears to play a minor role in maintaining infection in the populations. Therefore, the most likely source of infection is by infectious, environmentally resistant oocysts that are shed in the feces of felids and transported via freshwater runoff into the marine ecosystem. As nearshore predators, otters serve as sentinels of protozoal pathogen flow into the marine environment since they share the same environment and consume some of the same foods as humans. Investigation into the processes promoting T. gondii infections in sea otters will provide a better understanding of terrestrial parasite flow and the emergence of disease at the interface between wildlife, domestic animals and humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Implementation and evaluation of a strategic parasite control program for captive exotic ungulates.

A parasite control program was designed for greater than 1,200 exotic ungulates maintained in mixed-species enclosures at the San Diego Wild Animal Park. Three strategically-timed anthelmintic treatments were given during 1988-1989, and their success was evaluated by monitoring pretreatment and posttreatment fecal egg counts. Adequate parasite control was achieved for animals in 52 ungulate species, as evidenced by low pretreatment egg counts and the absence of egg-shedding after treatment. However, animals belonging to 11 species in the subfamilies Antilopinae, Hippotraginae, and Caprinae were identified as important targets for more intensive control efforts because they shed either greater than 100 eggs/g of feces before treatment, or greater than 0 eggs/g after treatment, at 2 or more sampling periods. These results and observations were used to generate management recommendations and illustrate how a model parasite control program can be developed for collections of exotic ungulates.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Drug eruptions caused by lithium salts].

The systemic complications of therapy with lithium are well known, but toxidermia has only been recognised since 1968. The carbonate (Teralithe) is the lithium salt which is mainly responsible, leading to minor dermatoses: oedema, pruritus, alopecia, urticaria, purpura, allergic vasculitis, pretibial ulceration. Some more specific conditions have been individualised by their severity and rarity: acne form eruptions, seborrheic dermatitis, follicular keratoses and psoriasis-like dermatosis as well as true psoriasis induced or aggravated by lithium. The authors review the literature and discuss the pathogenesis of these toxidermias. The cause of some dermatoses can be explained, especially the allergic vasculitis and psoriasis lesions. The underlying mechanism of most of these conditions remains unknown, but excessive tissue concentrations of the drug probably play an important role in inducing these complications.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1976

[Association of Kaposi's sarcoma and Hodgkin's disease].

The authors report a new case of the association Hodgkin's disease and Kaposi's sarcoma. A woman of North African origin and suffering from mediastinal Hodgkin's disease developed, after the commencement of polychemotherapy with radiotherapy, Kaposi's cutaneous sarcoma, typical, clinically, histologically and by electron microscopy. In the light of this new case, the authors review 41 cases of the Hodgkin-Kaposi association found in the literature and discuss the inter-relations between Kaposi's sarcoma and diseases of the haemoreticular system, in particular carcinomas, immuno-depressive states (notably in association with renal transplants) and virus disorders (essentially herpes). It might be possible to incriminate in the aetiology of Kaposi's disease a carcinogenetic process of viral origin during a state of immuno-depression.

Adult↗