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J McGlone

Publications and source records attributed to J McGlone.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Myopia and night-time lighting during sleep in children and adults.

This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between different lighting conditions experienced during sleep in the first -two years of life and development of myopia after age two as reported retrospectively by parents in a total of 469 individuals, including 252 children aged 2-16 yr., and 217 adults aged 17-40 yr. There were no significant differences in incidence of myopia in children who had slept from 0-2 yr. in darkness, with a night light, room light, or hall light. Adults who were reported by their parents to have slept with a night light on from 0-2 yr. were significantly more likely to be myopic than those who were reported to have slept from 0-2 yr. in any other lighting condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Multiple chemical sensitivity: a test of the olfactory-limbic model.

Thus far, no neuropsychological study has examined the cognitive profile of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) within the framework of Bell's Olfactory-Limbic Model. It predicts that cognitive weaknesses will be associated more with limbic (i.e., frontal and/or temporal lobe) than with non-limbic (i.e., posterior cortex) brain regions. Matched MCS, asthma, and healthy control groups (n = 63) were tested on cognitive measures with localizing value. Between-group comparisons found that the MCS group performed as well as controls on all cognitive tasks. Within-group comparisons found that both the MCS and asthma groups performed significantly more poorly on tasks that were sensitive to frontal and temporal regions than to posterior regions. Additional research is needed before concluding that the Olfactory-Limbic Model adequately describes the cognitive strengths and weaknesses of MCS. Confounding factors such as medication use and chronic illness need to be considered.

Asthma↗
PubMed1999

Criterion-based validity of an intracarotid amobarbital recognition-memory protocol.

PURPOSE: We tested whether the behavioral components of an Intracarotid Amobarbital Protocol (IAP) had criterion validity. It was hypothesized that a recognition-memory test designed for intracarotid injections and used to predict the risk of global amnesia before an elective temporal lobectomy should also identify persons who are severely amnesic due to other neurologic causes. Divergent validity predicts that speech tasks would be unaffected by amnesia. Test-retest reliability also was measured. METHODS: Fifteen persons with severe amnesia were administered four alternate forms of a yes/no recognition-memory protocol and a speech protocol. No drug injection occurred. Standardized neuropsychological tests were used to divide the amnesic group into those with Global Amnesia (i.e., retain no ongoing memories), Severe Amnesia (i.e., memory impaired), and Amnesia Plus (severe amnesia plus other neuropsychologic deficits). RESULTS: Two persons with Global Amnesia obtained scores at or below chance (i.e., failed) on the memory protocol. Unexpectedly, 12 of 13 severely amnesic persons obtained near-perfect memory scores. Amnesia had no impact on the speech protocol. Pass/Fail outcomes were highly correlated across all four sets. CONCLUSIONS: A four-item IAP memory protocol showed good reliability and criterion validity in identifying the rare condition of Global Amnesia, but it was insensitive to other disabling, severe amnesic disorders. This IAP memory protocol might have validity in predicting a postsurgical Global Amnesic disorder, but it did not identify and therefore could not predict other more common severe amnesic disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Somatic complaints disproportionately contribute to Beck Depression Inventory estimates of depression severity in individuals with multiple chemical sensitivity.

A number of individuals with multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) are also diagnosed with depression. However, there is content overlap in MCS and symptoms of depression with respect to somatic complaints. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to document severity of depressive symptomatology in 42 individuals with MCS. The purpose was to determine the extent to which somatic complaints contributed to the total BDI score. Analysis of cognitive-affective and somatic-performance complaints subscale indicated a significantly higher mean item score on somatic-performance items, relative to cognitive-affective items (t = 6.43, P < 0.05). Consequently, the total BDI score classified a greater percentage (43%) of the sample as moderately depressed than did the cognitive-affective subscale score (29%). An item analysis of the BDI revealed that individuals with MCS tended to endorse more somatic-performance items than did a sample of depressed outpatients. Two alternative interpretations are possible: (a) the BDI total score overestimated severity of depressive symptomatology in this sample, and/or (b) individuals with MCS tended to express depressive symptomatology in terms of somatic complaints. It was recommended that until the etiology of MCS is better understood, caution be used when estimating severity of depressive symptomatology in individuals with MCS when measures include somatic items.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Are there sex differences in hemispatial visual neglect after unilateral stroke?

This study examined the hypothesis of greater functional asymmetry in the male compared with the female brain for contralesional spatial neglect. One hundred thirty-eight consecutive patients with computed tomography verified unilateral first strokes were examined within two months of onset. An aggregate measure of neglect was based on four clinical tasks: copying/drawing, line bisection, line cancellation, and figure cancellation. The incidence and severity of neglect were significantly greater after right-than left-hemisphere lesions and equal in men and women. Sex differences were not found between anterior and posterior groups after left- or right-hemisphere strokes. When neglect was based on different scores between ipsilateral versus contralesional response times on a Visual Search Task, the incidence was higher in females than males with right-hemisphere lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Do intracarotid barbiturate injections offer a way to investigate hemispheric models of anosognosia?

In a sample of 83 patients counterbalanced for side of temporal-lobe seizure focus, we examined unawareness of hemiplegia upon clearing of the deficit after bilateral sodium amobarbital injections. Unawareness occurred commonly (66%) and with equal frequency following left and right injections. These findings were not moderated by speech dominance, handedness, sex, or side of seizure focus. Unawareness occurred more frequently after injections contralateral to than ipsilateral to the major seizure focus and was related to objective memory performance after contralateral, but not after ipsilateral, injections. Unawareness of drug-induced hemiplegia was related to the functional status of the temporal lobe independently of hemispheric laterality or degree of frontal lobe inactivation as measured by filling of the anterior cerebral arteries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Grouped data do not tell the whole story: individual analysis of cognitive change after temporal lobectomy.

Studies of group measures of central tendency describe the cognitive sequelae of anterior temporal lobectomy; however, information regarding clinically significant change is scarce. This study examined the frequency of clinically significant variability (i.e., a change score > or = 1 standard deviation from preoperative to postoperative performance) in 50 temporal lobectomy patients (19 left-sided; 31 right-sided). A range of cognitive domains was examined. Most (68%) indices showed no change. Of those that changed, an approximately equivalent number were losses and gains. Such results do not support restricting surgical treatment of epilepsy to avoid major cognitive decline. In right-handers, the observance of material-specific memory decline was variable. Only 36% of right-handers with left-temporal lobectomy showed only postsurgical loss in verbal memory, while 50% showed both losses and gains across several verbal memory measures. Almost 60% of right-temporal lobectomy patients exhibited some verbal memory loss, but only one-third showed nonverbal memory loss. We conclude that group studies identifying material-specific memory loss overestimate the consistency and pervasiveness of the negative effects of temporal lobectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Restraint inhibits luteinizing hormone secretion in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle in rhesus macaques.

The present study investigated the question of how restraint affects the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenocortical axis and the hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal axis in intact, adult female rhesus macaques in both the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Restraint was chosen because it is not physically harmful to the animal but rather serves primarily as a psychological stressor. Blood samples were collected from a remote site at 15-min intervals beginning at 0700 h from tethered adult female rhesus macaques. Each animal was subjected to 6 h of chair restraint after a 3-h control period in the animal's home cage. Samples were collected for an additional 6 h after the end of the restraint period, when each animal was returned to its home cage. Brief anesthesia with ketamine (administered through indwelling catheter) facilitated transfer of the animals to and from the chair. Blood samples were also collected from undisturbed females in both the follicular and luteal phases to document LH, cortisol, and progesterone secretion throughout the day. Plasma ACTH and cortisol, measured as indices of stress, were elevated within 15 min after initiation of restraint and remained elevated after the animals were returned to their cages. In animals sampled in the follicular phase, mean plasma LH levels were lower during restraint and remained suppressed for several hours after the animals were removed from restraint. LH levels were not significantly inhibited by restraint in the luteal phase. When the opiate receptor antagonist naloxone (Nx; 5 mg bolus plus 5 mg/h) was given beginning 2 h after the initiation of restraint, LH levels were elevated compared to prerestraint levels in both phases of the menstrual cycle. These data indicate that restraint is a potent activator of the pituitary-adrenal axis and that at least in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, restraint inhibits pituitary LH release. This inhibition of gonadotropin release may involve endogenous opiate suppression of GnRH release, since Nx reversed the effect of restraint.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1991

Self-report of memory function in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and temporal lobectomy.

Thirty-one surgical candidates with a unilateral temporal lobe seizure focus, 72 temporal lobectomy patients, 63 non-epileptic controls and their relatives, respectively, filled in the Memory Observation Questionnaire. The two patient groups rated their current memory similarly, but significantly worse than controls rated their own memory. Memory status was judged to be improved approximately three years after a temporal lobectomy. The relatives' ratings agreed with those of the patients. Thus patients who underwent surgical resection for relief of temporal lobe epilepsy did not report further subjective deterioration in memory compared to pre-operative cases. Laterality of excision did not affect self-report of general memory function. Nevertheless, a brief Verbal memory subscale yielded the expected material specific pattern after unilateral temporal lobectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Screening for early dementia using memory complaints from patients and relatives.

This study examined whether the subjective impression of memory function might differentiate healthy elderly subjects from patients with memory complaints, and whether memory complaints differed between patients with and without a dementing illness. Both self-assessment and relatives' responses on a new memory questionnaire differentiated patient groups from control subjects. The relatives' form measuring deterioration in memory function over time identified dementing individuals from those with non-dementing causes for their memory complaints. Factor analysis indicated that patients' memory complaints correlated with depression rather than objective memory performance, while relatives' ratings correlated with objective memory scores, not depression. Stepwise discriminant function analyses showed that objective memory testing greatly improved specificity but not sensitivity of the subjective memory questionnaire alone.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Can spatial deficits in Turner's syndrome be explained by focal CNS dysfunction or atypical speech lateralization?

The spatial impairments of Turner's Syndrome were examined by administering perceptual, constructional, and nonverbal memory tasks to 11 probands and 22 controls matched for phenotypic sex, age, education, and hand preference. Visual imperception was more pronounced than constructional apraxia. Deficits in attention span were present, but they were not restricted to the visual modality or to nonverbal stimuli. Further neuropsychological tests of focal brain dysfunction and speech lateralization revealed slightly increased somatosensory thresholds of the left palm, attenuated manual asymmetry, and diminished right-visual-field superiority on letter identification. Different measures of spatial ability correlated with the somatosensory scores, the manual scores, and the speech representation scores, but the latter three variables showed no significant interrelationships. It is concluded that a unitary explanation in terms of focal CNS dysfunction or atypical speech representation can not account for the pattern of neuropsychological deficits seen in Turner's Syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Speech comprehension after unilateral injection of sodium amytal.

A unilateral cerebral dominance model predicts that speech comprehension will be disrupted after injection of sodium amytal into one hemisphere but not after the other. This model was supported when an auditory receptive task involving relatively nonredundant stimuli similar to that contained in the Token Test (E. DeRenzi & L. Vignolo , 1962, Brain, 85, 665-687) was administered to 17 epileptic patients undergoing bilateral amytal injections.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Sex differences in functional brain asymmetry.

Adult male right-handers showed the expected pattern of verbal intellectual decline following left-hemisphere lesions, and depressed nonverbal intelligence following right-hemisphere lesions. In contrast, right-handed women did not show selective verbal or performance intellectual deficits after unilateral brain injury. These findings suggest a greater degree of functional brain asymmetry in right-handed men than women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Herpes zoster in general practice.

Eighty-seven patients with the clinical diagnosis of herpes zoster were seen during a one-year period in eight general practices in Glasgow, the rate per 1,000 practice population being approximately 2.4. Of these, 78 (90 per cent) had serological evidence of active infection with herpes zoster. The anatomical location of the skin eruption was most common in the areas of the fifth cranial nerve, middle and lower trunk and thigh. A possible reactivating agent (trauma four, steroids two, irradiation one) was found in only seven patients. The illness as assessed by systemic upset and dissemination of lesions was generally not severe. Post-herpetic neuralgia was the most troublesome complication, found in 44 per cent of 64 patients revisisted 3-18 months after the acute illness.

Adult↗