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J Melone

Publications and source records attributed to J Melone.

4 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Genetic engineering on a selective basis.

The possibility of a disease-free world seems to be at the fingertips of the Human Genome Project, but not yet fully within its grasp. Consequently, the advent of the Human Genome Project has ushered in the necessity for a clear delineation of the definition of "disease." This very concept of disease initially must be defined before genetic treatment can be addressed, ensuring that only true disease, not every anomaly of the human condition, are made eligible for genetic alterations. The benefits of such a precautionary measure are innumerable, since a regulation standard could be established and evolutionary implications could be taken into consideration.

Disease↗
PubMed1991

Intestinal effects of the products of lipid digestion on gastric electrical activity in the cat. Possible involvement of vagal intestinal receptors sensitive to lipids.

The relationship between the lipid content of the intestinal lumen and gastric motor activity was studied in anesthetized cats. For this purpose the electromyographic activity was recorded in the antrum whereas the small intestine (duodenum and first part of jejunum or ileum) was perfused with various solutions including calcium propionate, tributyrin, sodium caprylate, potassium oleate, mixtures containing linoleic acid, monolein, triolein, mixture of triglycerides, and glycerol. Long-chain lipids and glycerol both induced a decrease in the rate of basal antral activity. This effect was found to depend on the state of lipid hydrolysis (triglycerides, monoglycerides, and fatty acids) and was most marked with monolein, linoleic acid, and glycerol. With the middle-chain lipids used, these effects were only slight; short-chain lipids did not induce any visible changes in gastric activity. All these effects were prevented by cervical bivagotomy. It was concluded that the two types of lipid-sensitive vagal receptors, which we recently showed to exist in the small intestine, trigger an inhibitory enterogastric reflex that contributes to the regulation of gastric emptying.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Further data on the inhibitory enterogastric reflex triggered by intestinal osmotic changes in cats.

The relationship between osmotic pressure in the intestinal lumen and gastric motor activity was studied in anesthetized cats. For this purpose the EMG was recorded in the antrum while the small intestine (duodenum and the first part of jejunum) was perfused with various solutions: tap water (5 mOsm), NaCl, mannitol and glucose having an osmotic pressure of 70, 138, 275, 550 or 1100 mOsm. Hypotonic and hypertonic solutions both induced a decrease in the gastric activity, i.e. an increase in period of electrical control activity. This effect was found to depend both on the osmolarity value (the osmotic pressures furthest removed from the isotonic value produced the greatest effect) and on the substance used (glucose, mannitol and NaCl, in decreasing order of efficiency). The isotonic solution of glucose and, to a lesser extent, of mannitol was also active, unlike the isotonic solution of NaCl. All these gastric changes were prevented by cervical bivagotomy. It was concluded that the vagal osmosensitive receptors located in the small intestine trigger this inhibitory enterogastric reflex which probably constitutes an important part in the regulation of gastric emptying.

Action Potentials↗