Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J Mendiola.
A new reaction of N-protected 2-bromomethylazoles and tosylmethyl isocyanide (TosMIC) leading to the preparation of azolopyrimidines is described. This domino sequence was used to synthesize the pyrido[3',2':4,5]pyrrolo[1,2-c]pyrimidine core of alkaloids variolins from 4-methoxy-2-methylpyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrimidine in two steps.
Swine Chromosome (Chr) 6-enriched libraries, generated with size-fractionated DNA isolated from chromosomes sorted by flow cytometry, have been used to develop new Chr 6 microsatellite markers. Chromosome isolation procedures were established to reproducibly prepare high quality chromosomes from phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated swine peripheral blood lymphocytes and to sort individual chromosomes after staining with Hoechst 33258 and chromomycin A3. Chromosome purity was verified by specific staining of swine Chr 6 with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) by use of painting probes generated by degenerate oligonucleotide-primed polymerase chain reaction (DOP-PCR) amplification of as few as 300 sorted Chr 6. For library construction, DNA was extracted from flow-sorted pools representing Chr 6, amplified, size selected for fragments from 300 to 700 bp, and ligated into pBluescript SK II+ or Lambda ZAP Express. The libraries were then screened with a radiolabeled poly-(dCA) DNA probe. Of 107 (CA)n repeat-containing clones verified by sequencing, 21 were polymorphic and used to genotype the University of Illinois swine reference families. Linkage analysis was then performed with CRIMAP 2.4 (LOD > 3.0), and the results showed that 15 of the microsatellites mapped to swine Chr 6. At least three of these new markers map to locations where there were gaps in the consensus Chr 6 map. Another four markers, because of their PIC values, should provide more informative markers in other areas of the map. Most of the new markers can also be used for automated genotyping with fluorescent labeling. This set of 15 new Chr 6 markers will, therefore, be useful in helping to define QTL associated with swine Chr 6.
In the present paper it was determined the concentration of immunoglobulin G in extracts from gut of female Boophilus microplus engorded during the first 7 days of the second stage of continual digestion by using the simple radial immunodiffusion technique. It was also measured the concentration of hemoglobin by spectrophotometric methods. The analysis of correlation between both variables made during the study was positive and significant for p < 0.05. The analysis of simple variance and the application of Duncan's test resulted in a marked reduction of the concentrations of hemoglobin in the gut from the 5th day of study, which is connected with the beginning of the active process of oviposition, and in an important decrease of the concentration of immunoglobulin from the 7th day of the study. Though there is a trend to diminish in the concentrations of both blood proteins, the proteolysis of the IgG by gut extracts could not be produced in vitro.
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Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome affects 60,000 to 70,000 infants each year in the United States. Although the mortality rate has decreased dramatically over the past 30 years, many infants die or have sequelae from the syndrome. Three innovative techniques are now playing a role in improving the course of neonates with respiratory distress syndrome: surfactant replacement therapy, high-frequency ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Surfactant therapy should be considered the standard of care for infants with respiratory distress syndrome who require mechanical ventilation. Further investigation is needed to define the precise roles of high-frequency ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the management of neonates with respiratory distress syndrome.
Although blood cultures remain the most specific indicator of Group B streptococcus (GBS) sepsis, a potentially life-threatening infection in neonates, test results may not be available for 24 to 48 hours. Detection of GBS antigen in the urine by latex particle agglutination (LPA) may speed diagnosis. This study analyzed the sensitivity of the GBS urine LPA assay under clinical conditions. The urine of neonates with early-onset GBS bacteremia was analyzed for GBS antigen over a three-year period at six military medical centers. Overall, 53.5% (38/71) of infants with positive blood cultures had a positive urine LPA test. Only one medical center routinely followed manufacturer's recommendations to concentrate urine specimens before testing. These data suggest that the sensitivity for the urine LPA assay, when performed on unconcentrated urine, is lower than previously reported. Clinicians should insist that the laboratory maximize sensitivity by concentrating urine prior to GBS LPA testing.
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Bicozamycin was compared with a placebo in a prospective, randomized, double-blind study of the prevention of acute diarrhea among 30 American travelers newly arrived in Guadalajara, Mexico. None of the 11 subjects given bicozamycin orally for 3 wk at a dosage of 500 mg four times a day developed diarrhea as compared with an incidence of 53% diarrhea (10 of 19 subjects) in the placebo group (p = 0.003). Bicozamycin was well tolerated. Studies of changes in predominant aerobic fecal flora among the 11 subjects treated with bicozamycin showed the appearance of only one highly resistant Citrobacter freundii at the end of 1 wk of therapy and only a total of six resistant isolates at the end of 3 wk. All resistant isolates failed to transfer this resistance to a recipient Escherichia coli. Bicozamycin seems to be well suited and safe as a prophylactic agent against traveler's diarrhea.
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Seventy adults in the United States with acute diarrhea who were attending classes in Guadalajara, Mexico, enrolled in a double-blind placebo-controlled treatment study of an anticholinergic drug, mepenzolate bromide (MZB). Thirty-five patients received MZB (50 mg) and 35 received placebo each taken 4 times daily for 48 hours. No significant difference was detected between the MZB- and placebo-treated patients in symptoms or in the frequency or character of stools. Recovery rates of 24.1% and 31% for placebo- and MZB-treated patients were similar. Despite the occurrence of anticholinergic side effects in 51% of MZB- versus 14% of placebo-treated patients (P less than 0.001), therapeutic efficacy was not detected. We do not recommend anticholinergic drugs for therapy in acute infectious diarrhea.
The effect of maternal intravenous glucose infusion on the newborn's glucose, insulin, and neurobehavioral performance was studied prospectively in 56 normal mother-newborn pairs. Maternal blood glucose levels at the time of delivery, umbilical venous blood glucose and insulin levels, and neonatal blood glucose levels were measured. Neurobehavioral assessment of the newborns was performed at 4 and 24 hours of life. The median value for total amount of glucose infused to the mother was 32.5 g, the median rate of glucose infusion was 8 g/h, and the median maternal blood glucose concentration at delivery was 110 mg/dl. Median umbilical venous blood glucose concentrations were 104 mg/dl and median insulin concentration was 15 microunits/ml. Six babies were hypoglycemic at 1 hour of age. Umbilical venous glucose and insulin levels correlated significantly (p less than 0.001) with the rate of glucose infusion to the mother and her blood glucose level. The incidence of neonatal hypoglycemia was significantly related (p less than 0.05) to a maternal blood glucose level greater than 120 mg/dl, to a glucose infusion rate of 20 g/hr or greater and to an umbilical venous insulin level of greater than 40 microunits/ml. There were no major differences in neurobehavior that distinguished hypoglycemic neonates. It is recommended that the normal parturient be given less than 20 g/hr of intravenous glucose before delivery and have a blood glucose level less than 120 mg/dl at the time of delivery. Newborns delivered to mothers with hyperglycemia or excessive glucose infusion should be tested for hypoglycemia at 1 and 2 hours of age.
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The magnitud of tisular expression of aspartic proteinases at juvenile stages was analyzed in adult young Boophilus microplus ticks as well as the effect of one of the most widely used aspartic proteinase inhibitors (pepstatin A) on their development. The isolation and quantification of acid proteolytic activity was performed in samples of parasites with different stages of the digestive process where aspartic-proteinase activity was confirmed and a tendency to increased values of enzymatic activity per miligram of total weight was observed during the development of adults female ticks, with a lowering of this ratio just when they are full up. Adding pepstatin A to the ingesta at 14 and 70 mmol concentrations had no effect on the viability of young female ticks while they were kept in vitro for 24 h, so this rules out the immediate toxic effects of this compound. However, in those experiments where adult female ticks after receiving the various ingestas, are put together with sexually competent male ticks in isolators for 6-7 days, the viability showed different results (p< 0,01) at a 70 mmol concentration. The effect on the development of young adult female ticks was slight, but it indicates hat there might be a selective inhibitory action of pepstatin A on aspartic-dependent enzymes.
An analysis was made of the isoenzyme patterns of 61 Entamoeba histolytica strains: 42 from Cuba and 19 from Angola Mozambique and Ghana. By means of these patterns the non-pathogenic nature of the Cuban strains (Group 1) was shown. It coincided with the clinical characteristics of the infection in the carriers. Among the imported strains were 2 samples with pathogenic patterns II corresponding to 1 dysentery case and to 1 asymptomatic patient, and also non-pathogenic ones (I, II, III and XVIII).