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Biomedical subjects

J Menzel

Publications and source records attributed to J Menzel.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

The interaction of opsonins with human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN). I. The influence of human complement (C) and IgG on ingestion and digestion of C-resistant E. coli.

The influence of opsonization on ingestion and digestion of C-resistant E. coli was tested in a phagocytic system consisting of a monolayer of human PMN to which was added E. coli opsonized in different ways. At the end of the phagocytosis, noningested bacteria were separated and the monolayer was removed. The cells were then fractionated. The number of bacteria at different time intervals and the amount and distribution of lysosomal enzymes in the cell fractions were determined. It became apparent that the ingestion of cell-attached bacteria was independent of opsonins. However, the intracellular destruction was enhanced following opsonization with C only, although this was not the result of a greater discharge of lysosomal enzymes into the phagosome. We postulate that sublethal damage of E. coli by C renders the bacteria more sensitive to the bactericidal activity of the phagocytes.

Bacteriolysis↗
PubMed1979

[Intestinal resorption with 3H labeled enzyme mixture (wobenzyme)].

0.2 g of an enzyme mixture (Wobenzym) labelled with 3H-acetic anhydride, were given orally to guinea pigs, which were arranged in 4 groups of 5 animals. The animals of each group were sacrificed at intervals of 30 minutes, 2, 4 and 24 hours after application. Radioactivity of the small and large intestine, plasma, urine, liver, heart, kidney, and skeletal muscle were determined. It could be shown that the labelled mixture of enzymes was absorbed from the intestine and was demonstrable in significant amounts in plasma, urine, heart, kidney, liver and skeletal muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Vascular malformations of the posterior fossa with otorhinolaryngological symptoms (author's transl)].

Aneurysms, angiomas and arterio-venous fistulas of the posterior fossa are neurosurgical problems. However, if these malformations produce symptoms like deafness, tinnitus, vertigo or nystagmus otorhinolaryngologists are involved. Pathogenetic factors are either the local pressure of the malformation or reduction of cerebral or pontine blood supply. The otorhinological, neurological and diagnostical problems of these malformations are presented. Special emphasis is applied to the operative procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Demonstration of anticollagen antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluids by 14C-radioimmunoassay.

Twenty-seven synovial fluids from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and 17 synovial fluids from controls were investigated in a new radioimmunoassay for anticollagen antibodies. In vitro labeled human 14C-collagen of type I in native or denatured state was used as antigen. Passive hemagglutination was used in comparison. Parameters for defining positive results in radioimmunoassay were evaluated on the basis of control synovial fluids. Synovial fluids from 20 RA patients (74%) showed antibodies to denatured collagen; synovial fluids from 8 RA patients (30%) also demonstrated antibodies to native collagen. Control fluids of posttraumatic effusions were negative; among the other controls synovial fluid from 1 psoriatic arthritis patient reacted positively. Inhibition experiments showed that antibodies to denatured collagen cross-reacted with native collagen. Inhibition with human denatured type III collagen displayed strong cross-reactivity of anti-type I collagen antibodies with type III collagen.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Disturbances in C.S.F. circulation after subarachnoid bleeds--a comparison of pneumoencephalographic and scintigraphic findings (author's transl)].

Haemorrhages into the subarachnoid space lead to scarlike changes in the leptomeninges in some patients. If these changes reach a certain severity, circulation of the C.S.F.. is compromised and absorption reduced. This eventually results in ventricular dilatation which, in severe cases, is clinically manifested by dementia, motor ataxia and incontinence. The early stages of the disturbance in C.S.F. circulation were examined scintigraphically in 165 patients with spontaneous traumatic or operative subarachnoid bleeding. In the presence of abnormal findings which suggested the need for C.S.F. shunting, air encephalography was carried out in addition. Special attention was paid to the demonstration of the extent and localisation of occlusions of the basal cisterns and of the cortical subarachnoid spaces. Typical scintigraphic and pneumoencephalographic findings are demonstrated and their diagnostic value compared.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Contribution of immunoglobulins M and G, complement, and properdin to the intracellular killing of Escherichia coli by polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

The effect of immunoglobulins and complement (C) on phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Escherichia coli was studied in vitro. The incubation system consisted of monolayers of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and C-resistant, [3H]thymidine-labeled E. coli C source was human serum deprived of immunoglobulins and properdin by immunoabsorption. In the absence of C, only immunoglobulin G-coated bacteria were phagocytosed, whereas immunoglobulin M lacked opsonic activity. In the presence of C, phagocytosis was enhanced; however, immunoglobulin M was now more efficient than immunoglobulin G. Intracellular killing was notably augmented when C was activated by immunoglobulin G- or immunoglobulin M-coated bacteria; in contrast, the alternative activation of C by properdin had no effect on phagocytosis or intracellular killing. These results demonstrate the importance of immunoglobulins together with C not only for phagocytosis but also for efficient intracellular killing.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1978

[Surgery of extensive glomus jugulare tumors (author's transl)].

Clinical and neuroradiological aspects of extensive glomus jugulare tumors are presented. Surgery of these tumors is based on their growth along the veins: caudally along the internal jugular vein, cranially along the sigmoid sinus and medially along the transbasilar veins up to the cavernosus sinus. The main problem in total removal of glomus jugulare tumors is the relieving of the internal carotid artery from the tumor, especially in its intrapyramidal part. It is well known that glomus jugulare tumors tend to bleed excessively during surgery. Therefore the branches of the external carotid artery and the transverse sinus are ligated at the beginning of the operation. To avoid infection from the Eustachian tube to the posterior fossa, to close the dural defect over the cerebellar hemisphere and to protect the internal carotid artery a pedicled flap of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, based cranially, is prepared and rotated upwards in the base of the skull. 9 cases of extensive glomus jugulare tumors are presented.

Carotid Artery, External↗
PubMed1977

Radioimmunoassay for anticollagen--antibodies using 14C-labelled collagen.

A sensitive radioimmunoassay for anticollagen antibodies is described. 14C-labelled human acid-soluble collagen of high specific activity (5 X 10(6) dpm/mg) is used as antigen either in native or denatured state. Experimentally induced anticollagen antibodies or RA synovial fluids containing antibodies to collagen are reacted with the labelled antigen. The immune complexes formed are precipitated with goat antiserum to rabbit globulins ('second antibody'). A systematic investigation of the labelled collagen in regard to cleavage by enzymes, fibril formation and specificity showed that no gross alteration had been caused by the labelling procedure. The assay furnishes information on the avidity, specificity and immunoglobulin class of experimental or pathological anticollagen antibodies. It can also be used as sensitive assay for collagen in biological fluids.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1977

Radioimmunoassay for antigliadin-antibodies using 14C-labelled gliadin.

A sensitive radioimmunoassay for antibodies to gliadin has been developed. Gliadin from wheat gluten was labelled with [1-14C]acetic anhydride to a specific activity of 2.6 X 10(6) dpm/mg. Immunological evidence is presented that the antigen was not essentially altered by the labelling procedure. Experimentally-induced antigliadin antibodies or sera of patients with coeliac disease (CD) were reacted with labelled gliadin and the immune complexes formed precipitated by antiglobulin. Precipitating antibodies were determined by incubating CD sera with labelled gliadin and measuring the radioactivity in precipitates formed without the addition of second antibody. Comparison with other methods for the detection of antigliadin antibodies, including immunoelectrophoresis, immunodiffusion and passive hemagglutination indicated that total and precipitating antibodies were determined only by RIA. The assay also provides information on the immunoglobulin class of antigliadin-antibodies present in sera of patients with coeliac disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Cisternography with isotopes following posterior fossa surgery in children.

Surgery of posterior fossa tumors is afflicted with some important problems. One of these is the postoperative communicating hydrocephalus. According to the literature this form of hydrocephalus is found in 10-30% of all children operated on; but a permanent shunt is necessary in only 8-18%. Aim of the present investigation was to find out disturbances of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)--circulation and--reabsorption after posterior fossa surgery. Therefore 25 children ranging in the age from 3 to 12 years were examined on the basis of isotope cisternographic studies 8 to 21 after the operation. In 4 cases all parameters of pathological CSF-dynamics were found which required a permanent ventriculo-atrial shunt. 21 children showed a minimal or significant accumulation of the isotope in the posterior fossa but a normal circulation and a sufficient clearance on later scans. In these cases neither a temporary nor a permanent shunt was necessary. These findings are confirmed by follow-up examinations between 2 and 3 years.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1977

Induction of acute and chronic arthritis by intra-articular injection of preformed collagen-anticollagen complexes.

Three groups of rabbits were injected intra-articularly into the knee joints with preformed complexes of hydroxamated collagen and antiserum to denatured collagen respectively, with hydroxamated collagen and normal serum, hydroxamated collagen, anticollagen serum or saline as controls. From twelve rabbits, receiving only one injection and investigated 8 h later, only the joint tissues of rabbits which received immune complexes showed acute arthritis with severe infiltration of polymorphonuclears, leucocyte thrombi in vessels and haemorrhages. From six rabbits, receiving two consecutive injections (day 0 and day 2) and investigated 12 h after the last injection, only the joint tissue of rabbits which received immune complexes showed subacute-chronic arthritis. From sixteen rabbits receiving four consecutive injections day 0, day 2, day 7 and day 14) and investigated 7 days after the last injection, only the joint tissue of rabbits which received immune complexes showed severe chronic arthritis with infiltration of plasma cells, lymphocytes and nodule-like accumulation of lymphocytes whilst their joint fluid showed additionally a distinctly increased number of polymorphonuclears (3-15 x 10(6)) which differed with P less than 0-01 statistically from all controls.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

[The effect of anti-inflammatory substances on free muscle transplants in the experimental animal (author's transl)].

The effect of repeated subcutaneous injections of hydrocortisone and phenylbutazone on connective tissue formation was investigated in free rat muscle transplants. The follow-up investigation took place 4 weeks after transplantation of the long extensor muscles of the digits to the vastus lateralis group of the rectus femoris muscle. Connective tissue measurements were performed on the basis of hydroxyproline determinations. It was observed that in the untreated transplant there is twice as much connective tissue (expressed as a percentage) as in the same muscle remaining in situ. Hydrocortisone did not reduce the amount of connective tissue in the transplant. Phenylbutazone reduced the amount of connective tissue by 27%. At the same time the total weight of the transplants treated with hydrocortisone and phynylbutazone was reduced by 15% and 33% respectively. Attention is drawn to the myotoxic properties of hydrocortisone and phenylbutazone. Hence, in spite of the inhibited connective tissue formation there is no improvement in muscle fibre regeneration and their use cannot be recommended.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Experimental pulpal immunization. I. Route of application and demonstration of immune response.

The experimental exposure of the pulpal room of rabbit teeth made it possible to apply an ovalbumin agar gel deposit into the pulpal room and subsequently investigate the immune response. Diffusion of antigen from the agar into environment was proven. After 3 weekly applications 5 rabbits showed hemagglutinating anti-ovalbumin titers between 1:128 and 1:512, while 7 rabbits receiving 10 weekly applications had titers between 1:8000 and 1:128,000. Control rabbits which received the agar deposit alone showed no antibody response. Control rabbits which obtained 3 identical weekly doses of ovalbumin in PBS by subcutaneous injection showed an identical immune response as animals immunized via the pulpal room. Specificity of antibodies was ascertained by passive hemagglutination with control antigens and hemagglutination inhibition. Intradermal injection of ovalbumin in 3 rabbits which obtained pulpal immunization, induced an Arthus reaction. The precipitating property of ovalbumin antibodies and their identity with defined ovalbumin antisera was proven by gel diffusion. The results obtained show, that antigens present in the pulpal room provide a strong immunogenic stimulus.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Identification of collagen-anticollagen immune complexes by collagenase-digestion.

A method for the detection of collagen-anti-collagen immune complexes using collagenase of bacterial origin is described. Anti-collagen-titers are determined in passive haemagglutination before and after collagenase digestion of samples containing preformed immune complexes. An increase in anti-collagen titers following the enzymatic treatment suggests the presence of collagen-anti-collagen immune complexes. Both solbule and carrier-bound collagenase proved to be equally effective in the digestion of complex-bound collagen, if in vitro prepared collagen-anti-collagen complexes were investigated. Original titers of partially or totally inhibited antisera to collagen could be completely restored by this method.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗