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Biomedical subjects

J Millan

Publications and source records attributed to J Millan.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Macrophage activation and Mycobacterium leprae: effect of interferon gamma on the production of oxygen free radicals by phagocytic cells].

Activation of the respiratory metabolic channel (F.O.R.), responsible in part for the bactericidal effect, was measured in vitro by a chemoluminescence test on circulating phagocytes. All mycobacteria tested, except for Mycobacterium leprae, induced a significant response. Its effect on lepromatous leprosy pathology is a subject for discussion.

Free Radicals↗
PubMed1989

[Lepromatous leprosy: clinical and electrophysiological arguments in favor of axonal multi-neuritis].

UNLABELLED: This work was undertaken because there were only few reports on neurological aspects on lepromatous leprosy. We studied 30 patients suffering from lepromatous leprosy who, at their first visit to the Institute had never been treated. The clinical examination included a quantitative evaluation of the neurological status following the method developed by Pearson. Motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities were measured: values of conduction velocity and distal amplitude were analysed and compared to those of a group of 22 healthy subjects. IN CONCLUSION: (a) There is a high frequency of clinical and especially electrophysiological neurological impairment. This impairment can be extremely precocious and may happen shortly after the first cutaneous signs. (b) Nervous impairment is diffuse, bilateral but not homogeneous. These are characteristics of mononeuritis multiplex. Impairement is predominantly sensitive and tactile sensibility is more involved than thermo-algic sensation. (c) The radial superficial nerve is the most frequently involved clinically and electrophysiologically. (d) The electrophysiological results, showing a normal or slightly reduced conduction velocity and a low amplitude of evoked potentiel are in favour of a predominantly axonal damage.

Axons↗
PubMed1989

Hepatitis B virus infection in lepromatous and tuberculoid patients from Senegal.

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) seric markers (HBs Ag, anti-HBs, and HBe Ag) were studied in 987 Senegalese leprosy patients (lepromatous: LL; tuberculoid: TT) in comparison with 6187 healthy adults (controls). Two populations of leprosy patients from ILAD (Institut de Léprologie Appliquée de Dakar) were studied: The First study (i.e.: study I) between 1973 and 1977 included 553 patients (329 LL; 224 TT). The Second study (i.e.: study II) between 1982 and 1986 included 434 patients (236 LL; 198 TT). HBV serological markers were tested by various techniques. By RIA, they were present in 98% and 96.5% in the studies I and II respectively. Each marker was studied and compared to the control population. HBs Ag detected by RIA was present in 25.5% (study I) and 23.0% (study II) when comparing to 15.2% in the control group. This marker was correlated with leprosy forms (LL and TT), age, sex, ethnic group.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Study of 39 documented relapses of multibacillary leprosy after treatment with rifampin.

Among 39 strains of Mycobacterium leprae isolated from patients with multibacillary leprosy who relapsed after treatment with rifampin (RMP), 22 strains were resistant to RMP and 17 were susceptible. All of the RMP-resistant strains were recovered from patients who had been treated with more than 50 doses of RMP, usually given as monotherapy. RMP-susceptible strains were recovered from only six patients who had received more than 50 doses of RMP, and from 11 patients who had received no more than seven doses. The median time to relapse after the beginning of RMP therapy was 9 years (range 1-12 years) among the patients harboring RMP-resistant strains of M. leprae, and the median time to relapse after discontinuation of RMP treatment was 7 years (range 1-11 years) among the patients harboring RMP-susceptible strains. These data suggest that monotherapy with more than a few doses of RMP can be responsible for the emergence of RMP-resistant strains of M. leprae, thus emphasizing the need to employ RMP only in combination with other effective drugs in the chemotherapy of multibacillary leprosy.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Primary and secondary dapsone resistance of M. leprae in Martinique, Guadeloupe, New Caledonia, Tahiti, Senegal, and Paris between 1980 and 1985.

Primary and secondary dapsone resistance were studied among lepromatous patients living in Martinique, Guadeloupe, New Caledonia, Tahiti, Senegal, and Paris. Four hundred fifteen biopsies were taken from clinically active and bacteriologically positive (bacterial index greater than 2) patients in the 6-year period of 1980-1985. Among these, 280 biopsies that contained 5 x 10(4) acid-fast bacilli per ml with a morphological index of at least 0.10 were inoculated into the mouse foot pad, and 229 harbored infective Mycobacterium leprae. Among the 129 infective M. leprae isolated from new cases, 54% had some degree of dapsone resistance, a low degree being prominent in all cases. Among the 100 infective M. leprae isolated from relapsed cases, 79% had a high or an intermediate degree of dapsone resistance. The annual incidence of secondary dapsone resistance was estimated to be about 0.55% in Guadeloupe.

Dapsone↗
PubMed1987

[Evolution of breast cancer mortality in Spain].

A study is presented about the evolution of the breast cancer mortality in Spain between 1961 and 1980. This has been increasing strongly of several factors: 1) In actual increase of this disease, rising its adjusted death rates by age from 8/100,000 (1961) to 13/100,000 (1980) (increase = 62%); the truncated standardized rates between 35 and 64 years raised from 18/100,000 (1961) to 28/100,000 (1980): there is high correlation between both types of rates. 2) An increase of the female population at breast cancer risk (over 45 yr). A selective and significative rise of mortality from this cancer for the age groups under menopause, especially for the group 30-34 years (160%). The increase of female breast cancer mortality is statistically significant. It is necessary researching the causes of such increase.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Ecthyma gangrenosum in a kidney transplant recipient with Pseudomonas septicemia.

This report describes a renal transplant recipient in whom Pseudomonas septicemia and ecthyma gangrenosum developed within days of renal transplantation. Microscopic skin sections showed perivascular bacillary invasion. Pseudomonas organisms were cultured and microscopically visualized in sections from the transplanted kidney. Although cultures from the donor kidney preservation perfusate fluid showed no growth, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in the recipient's urine, blood, and peritoneal fluid. The recipient's course was complicated by septic shock, cardiopulmonary arrest, coma, and extensive skin lesions; but his condition improved with appropriate antibiotic therapy, wound debridement, and an aggressive rehabilitative program. He is now a candidate for retransplantation. This is the first known case of ecthyma gangrenosum in a renal transplant recipient.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Clinical comparison of a new automated infrared blood culture system with the BACTEC 460 system.

A new blood culture instrument, the BACTEC (Johnston Laboratories, Inc., Towson, Md.) NR-660, which utilizes infrared detection of carbon dioxide from microbial metabolism, was compared with the radiometric BACTEC 460 system. There were 1,554 isolates from 18,785 paired aerobic blood cultures. Of these isolates, 1,303 were isolated from the radiometric 6B medium, and 1,259 were isolated from the NR6A medium (P = 0.06). Analysis of the data indicated no significant differences in recovery when any individual species was considered. When organisms were considered as groups, there were no significant detection differences for gram-negative bacilli, yeasts, or anaerobes. For gram-positive cocci in aerobic medium, the BACTEC 460 detected 84.3% of the total isolates, and the BACTEC NR-660 detected 79.7% (P = 0.04). There were 891 isolates from 13,983 paired anaerobic blood cultures. Of these isolates, 725 were recovered from the radiometric 7D BACTEC medium, and 723 were recovered from the NR7A BACTEC medium (P greater than 0.9). In the anaerobic media there was no significant difference in detection of any organism group, including the gram-positive cocci. When the results of the aerobic and anaerobic media were combined, there was equivalence between the two systems for the detection of gram-positive cocci (P greater than 0.2) and other organism groups. When the ability to detect septic episodes was compared, there was no significant difference for any organism group (P = 0.12). For aerobic media, the mean times for detection were 30.5 and 29.5 h for the BACTEC 460 and NR-660, respectively. For anaerobic media, the mean times for detection were 39.8 and 41.6 h for the BACTEC 460 NR-660, respectively. Compared with the BACTEC 460, the BACTEC NR-660 system had a greater ease of operation, faster test cycle, computerized data base, and equally rapid detection of positive cultures.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1984

Preliminary evidence of natural resistance to Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) in lepromatous leprosy.

An assay system has been developed based on radiometric quantification of 3H uracil incorporation into viable BCG in the absence or presence of blood monocytes in cultures from untreated lepromatous (LL) or tuberculoid (TT) leprosy patients. 3H Uracil incorporation into BCG was inhibited when the bacilli were cultivated in the presence of blood-derived macrophages in culture for four days, and that inhibition was always greater with macrophages harvested from LL patients compared to TT patients. The reasons for such an observed difference in humans are discussed according to our knowledge obtained in murine models of mycobacterial infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Hepatitis in leprosy patients treated by a daily combination of dapsone, rifampin, and a thioamide.

A 13% incidence of hepatitis was observed among 54 cases of multibacillary leprosy treated daily with the three-drug combination of dapsone, rifampin, and a thioamide (ethionamide or prothionamide). No hepatitis was observed among 109 cases of paucibacillary leprosy treated daily with the two-drug combination of dapsone and rifampin. Symptoms were jaundice in five cases and nausea plus vomiting associated with a significant increase of transaminase levels in two cases. In five cases, the symptoms appeared during the first two months of therapy and in two cases, later. Discontinuing treatment with rifampin and the thioamide but not dapsone resulted in recovery. When rifampin was resumed without the thioamide, the hepatitis did not recur. Viral etiology could be eliminated in six cases. Neither sex, age, weight nor the fact that the patient was a new case or a relapse case appeared to be a contributing factor. Hepatotoxicity caused by administration of a thioamide might have been potentiated by the concurrent administration of rifampin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Cytological and bacteriological examinations of the cervix and vagina. A review of the results obtained in a laboratory for analyses in Guadeloupe (author's transl)].

The authors give the results of their cytological and bacteriological examinations of the cervix and vagina carried out routinely in a laboratory. They emphasize, in detailing their method of working, the criteria that they feel must be adopted in an attempt to code the qualitative appraisal of direct examination and the result of studying the cultures. The first part of the paper deals with an overall survey of the 4,573 examinations which were carried out over a period of 8 years. The second part is concerned with a more detailed analysis of the 883 samples which were divided into 4 categories: pregnant women, those having oral contraception, those with an intra-uterine device, and others. There are several variations revealed between these 4 categories as far as the white cell count, the bacterial flora and even pathogenic organisms are concerned.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1980

[Rare hemoglobins in Guadeloupe and in the Lesser Antilles (author's transl)].

Screening of abnormal hemoglobins on 25 136 samples allowed us to detect from 1974-1979 rare or uncommon hemoglobins as N Baltimore, Korle Bu, Lepore, K Woolwich, J Broussais and J Baltimore. Hemoglobins N Baltimore, J Broussais, and J Baltimore are detected for the first time in Guadedoupe. The identification of these asymptomatic hemoglobins in this part of the Carribbean region provides information concerning the exact origin of the black population of these islands; e.g., hemoglobin K Woolwich and N Baltimore are found only in specific regions of West Africa.

Fetal Hemoglobin↗
PubMed1980

Glomerulonephritis and Staphylococcal aureus infections.

Three patients with visceral Staphylococcal aureus infections, but no evidence of endocarditis, developed signs of acute glomerulonephritis. Renal biopsy in two patients showed a mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis and mesangial deposits containing IgA, IgG, and C3; autopsy material in a third patient showed acute diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. The clinical setting and pathologic findings of our patients with visceral Staphylococcal infection and glomerulonephritis are different than those found in the better-understood syndromes of glomerulonephritis associated with endocarditis or infected ventriculojugular shunts. Our patients provide support for the contention that some cases of primary or idiopathic glomerulonephritis may by caused by Staphylococcal infections.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Painful crises following renal transplantation in sickle cell anemia.

A 34 year old woman with sickle cell (SS) anemia and chronic renal failure of unknown etiology was maintained on dialysis for 11 months before she received a cadaveric renal transplant. After 24 months, transplant function is excellent although a mild urinary concentrating defect (Umax = 532 mOsm/liter) is present. Renal biopsies five and 11 months after transplant revealed mild focal interstitial infiltrates and mesangial thickening. A major complication has been the reemergence of numerous severe painful crises, inferred to be caused by an increased blood viscosity consequent to a rising hematocrit value, after a hiatus of many years. The succession of crises was stopped with a prophylactic partial exchange transfusion program, reemerged when the program was discontinued, and was stopped again when the transfusion program was reinstituted. We conclude that renal transplantation may be successfully performed in patients with sickle cell disease. Complications of the hemoglobinopathy may develop, but painful crises can be successfully managed with judicious transfusion therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Systematic screening of hemoglobinopathies in blood donors in Guadeloupe (French West Indies)].

We report the results of a systematic survey carried on 8.961 healthy Guadeloupean blood donors, where we looked for hemoglobinopathies. The results are expressed in regard of the race and site of living (urban or rural) of the subjects. Of these 8.961 subjects, aged 18 to 60, 7.75% were sickle cell trait carriers, 2.36% were heterozygous for Hb C and 0,2% had a significant elevation of Hb F. Were also report some less frequent phenotypes : three Hb AD, five Hb SC, one Hb CC, two Hb SF, one Hb CF and one case of isolated Hb, A2 elevation. Two rare hemoglobinopathies are reported: a case of Hb Korle Bu associated with Hb S an a case of Hb N-Baltimore. Our datas regarding race and sex of Hb S and Hb C carriers are evaluated. These results are compared to previous studies carried on healthy blood donors in Guadeloups. Problems related to the detection of hemoglobin abnormalities in a blood transfusion center are reviewed.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed1976

Pneumatic ileal perforation: an unusual complication of colonoscopy.

Pneumatic perforation of the bowel is a rare complication of colonoscopy. Pneumatic ileal perforation complicating this procedure has not been reported. We describe a case of pneumatic ileal perforation during colonoscopy in an elderly lady who also had adhesions from previous abdominal surgery. A relative lack of symptomatology, the finding of a clean ileal perforation at surgery, and a benign postoperative period characterized her course. Possible etiological factors are discussed with reference to the literature dealing with intraluminal pressures in the bowel. Pressure much higher than the physiological pressure is likely to be reached during colonoscopy, with reflux of air across the ileocecal sphincter acting as a safety mechanism. Bursting pressures differ for different layers of the bowel and from segment to segment. This report calls attention to certain risk factors which might lead to a remote perforation during colonoscopy.

Aged↗