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Biomedical subjects

J Milne

Publications and source records attributed to J Milne.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

The effect of high phosphorus intake on calcium and phosphorus retention and bone turnover in growing lambs.

Growing lambs were fed diets that just met their requirement for Ca but which supplied either 1 or 3 times their requirement for P and the effects on Ca and P retention and on bone turnover were monitored. Feeding the high P diet had no adverse effect on Ca and P absorption or retention or on bone formation rate. Bone resorption rate was a little higher in lambs fed the high P diet but there were no differences between treatments in plasma parathyroid hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels or in bone mineral content. It would appear from these results that feeding diets that are rich in P is unlikely to have any adverse effect on skeletal mineralization in the lamb provided that their minimum requirement for Ca is met.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1993

Mitogenic action of insulin-like growth factor-I on human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells and rat osteoblasts maintained in situ: the role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.

The mechanisms involved in the mitogenic actions of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on skeletal cells are at present unclear. We have investigated the role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in this mechanism and provide strong evidence that stimulation of G6PD activity is required for the growth promoting activities of IGF-I. IGF-I (10 ng/ml) significantly elevated G6PD activity in MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells within 30 min which preceded the IGF-I induced DNA synthesis in these cells. Inhibition of G6PD activity by epiandrosterone decreased DNA synthesis in IGF-I stimulated MG-63 cells but this was partly overcome by the addition of a combination of the four deoxyribonucleosides. IGF-I did not cause a general increase in cell metabolism as succinate dehydrogenase and iso-citrate dehydrogenase activity were not altered. Although IGF-I caused a significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase activity this was not inhibited by epiandrosterone. The culture of metatarsals of 4-week-old rats with IGF-I (10 ng/ml) also stimulated G6PD activity in osteoblasts lining the metaphyseal trabeculae.

Androsterone↗
PubMed1993

Effects of acute acid loading on parathyroid hormone secretion and on urinary calcium and cAMP excretion in the growing lamb.

Growing lambs fed a diet containing NaHCO3 were made acidotic by intravenously infusing HCl at the rate of 1 mmol/min over a 4 h period. Acid infusion led to a fall in blood and urine pH and a prompt increase in urinary Ca excretion. This in turn led to a fall in plasma Ca concentration and a rise in parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Urinary cAMP excretion was unaffected by acid infusion. In separate experiments lambs made acidotic by feeding a diet containing NH4Cl were given infusions of PTH at the rate of 1 microgram/h. Infusion of the hormone was accompanied by a rise in plasma Ca and an increase rather than a decrease in urinary Ca excretion and no change in urinary cAMP excretion. These results point to the kidney as the primary site of response to acid loading in the lamb, a failure to reabsorb Ca in these conditions necessitating the release of PTH and an increase in bone resorption in order to maintain normal plasma Ca levels.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1992

Effects of paroxetine on 5-HT-induced head twitches and phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis in mice.

Head-twitch response and phosphatidylinositol (PIP) hydrolysis in cortex and spinal cord were measured after single or chronic (21 days) administration of paroxetine to normal mice or to mice neonatally treated with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, a serotonergic neurotoxin. In normal animals, a down-regulation of 5-HT-receptor numbers after chronic paroxetine was suggested by the attenuation of head-twitch responses compared with a single dose. There was a concomitant decrease in PIP hydrolysis. In DHT-treated animals, although changes in behavioural responses were comparable to those in normals, PIP hydrolysis in cortex and spinal cord after chronic paroxetine increased significantly. These results demonstrate that head-twitch responses and PIP hydrolysis may not be mediated by the same receptor and that the effects of chronic administration of paroxetine depend on the functional state of the serotonergic pathways.

5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine↗
PubMed1991

The effects of feeding diets containing either NaHCO3 or NH4Cl on indices of bone formation and resorption and on mineral balance in the lamb.

The effects of diet-induced changes in blood acid-base status on mineral retention has been studied in lambs fed diets containing either 1% NH4Cl or 2% NaHCO3. Balance measurements using 45Ca and 32P showed no difference between them in the amounts of dietary Ca and P absorbed from the gut. Retention of both minerals, however, was lower and their excretion in urine higher in those fed the acid diet. Plasma Ca and P levels were unaffected but parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels were higher in lambs on this diet while measurements of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase levels in rib samples indicated an increase in osteoclast and a reduction in osteoblast activity in these lambs. Cell-mediated changes in bone turnover together with changes in urinary mineral loss would thus appear to be the major factors contributing to the lower rates of mineral retention seen in lambs fed acid diets.

Ammonium Chloride↗
PubMed1990

Medical education in palliative care.

There has been recent concern about both the care of dying patients and the adequacy of the preparation that most doctors receive for this task. The role of the doctor in palliative care is discussed and the educational needs of medical students in palliative care are suggested. A palliative care course for fifth-year students at the Austin Hospital-Repatriation General Hospital Clinical School, University of Melbourne, is described. This course recently has been adopted by the Victorian Palliative Care Council as a model for undergraduate palliative medicine education, and has been recommended to the University of Melbourne and Monash University Medical Schools for incorporation in each Clinical School curriculum.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1989

A Canadian multicenter study with Zaditen (ketotifen) in the treatment of bronchial asthma in children aged 5 to 17 years.

One hundred thirty-eight children with chronic asthma, requiring daily treatment with bronchodilators, took part in a 7-month, double-blind, multicenter clinical study. Patients were randomized into two groups, and after a 1-month baseline, were administered Zaditen (ketotifen), 1.0 mg twice daily, or an identical placebo for a period of 6 months. After 10 weeks of receiving the study medication, bronchodilator use was reduced or stopped. In the Zaditen-treated group, 60% of the children taking theophylline were able to stop its use completely, compared to 34% of the patients taking placebo (p less than 0.05). Of the patients who were unable to stop taking theophylline, the Zaditen-and placebo-treated groups recorded average dosage reductions of 62% and 26%, respectively. These differences were statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Thus, a high percentage of patients in the placebo-treated group maintained asthma symptom control with theophylline, whereas most of the Zaditen-treated patients could stop using this medication. Although pulmonary function readings improved in both groups, those patients taking Zaditen demonstrated earlier improvement and greater changes from baseline. Significant differences (p less than 0.05) in favor of Zaditen were found for reduction of concomitant medications, patient's global evaluation, physician's clinical evaluations, incidence of emergency room visits for asthma, and upper respiratory tract infections. No unexpected side effects were observed. It is concluded that Zaditen is an effective medication for long-term control of asthma in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Modification of children's speech as a function of the perceived intellectual capacity of the listener.

In the context of an adapted referential communication task the speech of 40 children aged 8-10 years was examined under the listener conditions of speech to a younger child and to a retarded child of the same sex and similar chronological age, relative to initial speech to a peer. Modification, as indexed by an increase in quantity of speech and in semantic coherence was observed in speech to a retarded listener but not to a younger listener, suggesting that the intellectually handicapped children were perceived as being less competent listeners. The effect is interpreted as a result of an active integration programme in a particular school setting and is seen to offer promise for the limited integration of the mildly disabled.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Non-invasive assessment of early cardiac involvement in systemic sclerosis.

Twenty-eight patients with wide spectrum organ involvement of progressive systemic sclerosis but without signs or symptoms suggestive of cardiac involvement were studied by non-invasive cardiac techniques. The 12-lead electrocardiogram showed abnormalities in 6 patients: one had abnormal T waves and 5 had complete or incomplete right bundle branch block. Twenty-four hour ambulatory electrocardiography demonstrated higher average heart rates than in similar aged controls (82 +/- 9 vs 74 +/- 9 beats/min, P less than 0.05). In one patient a short run of ventricular tachycardia was recorded. No other significant arrhythmia was documented. Echocardiographic measurements were within normal ranges but small pericardial effusions were observed in two patients (7%). Resting first pass radionuclide angiography, utilizing 12 mCi of technetium 99m were performed in 23 patients. Seven patients (30%) had abnormal wall motion (diffuse hypokinesia), with a significant decrease in ejection fraction in comparison to those with normal wall motion (44 +/- 6% vs 60 +/- 6% P less than 0.01). Those with abnormal wall motion had suffered the disease longer than those with normal wall motion (13 +/- 4 vs 9.5 +/- 7 y). In conclusion, the heart is involved in half of the patients in this series; non-invasive cardiac assessment is useful in disclosing the early cardiac involvement and may influence long-term management.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Localization and synthesis of alpha-fetoprotein in the chicken.

The localization and sites of synthesis of alpha-fetoprotein in chick embryos throughout development have been investigated using the combined techniques of immunofluorescence microscopy and tissue culture in the presence of radiolabelled amino acids, followed by immunoautoradiographic analysis. Alpha-fetoprotein is present in a range of embryonic tissues and especially concentrated in the yolk sac, liver and connective tissue. Analysis of culture fluids revealed that the yolk sac is the major site of alpha-fetoprotein synthesis with smaller, but significant quantities being produced by the liver. These results are discussed in relation to mammalian alpha-fetoprotein, and the merits of the chick embryo for studies on the biological function of AFP are considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The therapeutic effect of taking a patient's history by computer.

Sixty young women who presented at a general-practice health centre had their medical and social history taken by a computer before having an interview with the doctor. The average length of the automated interview was 90 minutes for the 54 patients who completed the programme, during which an average of 211 questions were answered. The patients found this method acceptable and we think that one of the main reasons for this was that the computer programme was so designed that the patients felt that the doctor was involved throughout.The computer/patient interview also appeared to have therapeutic benefits, and the computer's summary of the history was a sensitive indicator of those topics about which the patient was most concerned. This combination enabled the doctor to communicate more quickly and in greater depth in the time available. In effect, the time which the doctor could spend with the patient was magnified.We suggest that the benefits of this system for taking a history from a patient, of which one is the fact that any language or combination of languages can be used, could be extended to all classes of society.

Computers↗
PubMed1976

Lymphocoeles in renal homograft recipients.

UNLABELLED: Seven lymphocoeles have complicated 158 cadaver and 18 related live donor transplants performed over six years. The purpose of this study is to review the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic problems encountered with lymphocoeles at this centre. Presentation was insidious, delayed (50 days post-op), and manifested by one or more of the following: palpable rectal or supra-pubic mass; unilateral leg oedema; recurrent urine infections with radiographic evidence of obstruction; filling defect in bladder on routine IVP. Possible pathogenetic factors: transplants performed on side of functioning Scribner shunts (6/7 cases); severe rejection episodes with graft lymphatic leak (1/7 cases). Differentiation from urinomas, haematomas, perinephric abscesses or other causes of obstructive uropathy were facilitated by: needle aspiration; IVP and cystogram, serial ultrasound sonography. Lymphangiography was not used. Treatment was conservative in three, repeated aspirations were performed in two and formal drainage procedures were required in three patients. Repeated cyst aspirations resulted in serious infections in both patients. Marsupialisation into the peritoneal cavity failed in one. CONCLUSIONS: 1) The graft should be anastomosed on side opposite a functioning shunt. 2) Lymphocoeles have an occult presentation and should be actively sought for as they may produce urinary obstruction. 3) Serial ultrasound is an excellent method of diagnosis and follow-up. 4) Unless urinary obstruction is present management should be conservative as spontaneous resolution may occur. 5) Ideal surgical management is problematical. Repeated needle aspirations should be approached with caution. Lymphocoeles are an uncommon but well documented complication of renal transplantation (Schweizer et al, 1972; Koehler et al, 1972; Christiansen et al, 1974; Rashid et al, 1974). They represent definite hazards and can either directly or indirectly contribute to morbidity or even mortality in the post-transplant patient. They must be differentiated from other pelvic masses such as urinomas, haematomas and perinephric abscesses as they all require different modes of treatment. As a rule, the diagnosis of one from another is straightforward, but as certain clinical features are shared, differentiation can on occasions be more difficult. In order to clarify some of these problems and outline a mode of therapy, a study was carried out in patients who have presented with lymphocoeles in our unit.

Adult↗