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Biomedical subjects

J Minkoff

Publications and source records attributed to J Minkoff.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Rotator cuff lesions: signal patterns at MR imaging.

The signal intensity patterns of rotator cuff lesions at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were evaluated in 80 patients who had surgical correlation and in 13 asymptomatic individuals (14 shoulders). Six cadaver shoulders were examined with MR, and histologic correlation was obtained in four. All studies were performed at 1.5 T with a flexible circular surface coil. The accuracy of MR imaging in detection of full-thickness cuff tears (31 patients) was 0.95 and of partial thickness tears (16 patients), 0.84. The most common and accurate pattern for full-thickness cuff tears (22 of 31 tears) was a region of intense signal seen on T2-weighted images. Less often the torn region consisted of an extremely degenerated and attenuated tendon with moderate signal intensity or was obscured by low-signal-intensity scar. The intense signal pattern on T2-weighted images was also accurate, although a less common finding (seven of 16 cases), in the diagnosis of partial tears. Tendinitis was recognized as focal or diffuse regions of increased signal intensity or a nonhomogeneous pattern of increased signal often associated with tendinous enlargement. In some patients, manifestations of subacromial-subdeltoid bursitis was present. Tendon degeneration was also manifested as regions of increased signal intensity. Some similarity and overlap of signal patterns of partial interstitial tears, tendinitis, and tendon degeneration are observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The role of radiography in the evaluation and treatment of common anarthrotic disorders of the patellofemoral joint.

Patellofemoral disorders are among the most common knee problems in the world. Although they are often considered as a group, pathologically the individual disorders are as variable as fingerprints. Treatment of resistant cases requires a detailed understanding of the disorder mechanism to be corrected. Many radiographic techniques, incorporating plain radiography, arthrography, CT, and MRI have been formulated to determine formats of chondromalacia, instability, and malalignment. Many of the techniques reviewed herein reveal distinct abnormalities but do not necessarily provide insight into the best treatment protocols.

Arthrography↗
PubMed1988

Martial arts: a perspective on their evolution, injuries, and training formats.

The martial arts are very popular today as both spectator and participant sports, and a large percentage of the participants are children. More injuries are sustained in tournament competition and many are preventable by using protective gear and by limiting contact. Medical screening and proper execution of technique are also important prophylactic modalities.

Arm Injuries↗
PubMed1987

Posterior fracture dislocation of the shoulder with biceps tendon interposition.

Posterior dislocation of the shoulder, a rare injury, results from direct trauma, indirect trauma, or via a seizure or electrical shock. We present a case with a posterior fracture dislocation of the shoulder secondary to a seizure in which interposition of the biceps tendon precluded closed reduction. The fractured lesser tuberosity fragment included the bicipital groove, allowing the biceps tendon to sublux posteriorly preventing closed reduction, thus requiring a subsequent open reduction.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

A posterior arthroscopic approach to bullet extraction from the hip.

A 22-year-old male sustained a gunshot injury to the left hip region. The bullet lodged in the articular surface of the femoral head posterosuperomedially. The location of the bullet within the hip joint stimulated the performance of an arthroscopy of the hip through a posterior approach. The authors are unaware of any other report in the literature describing such an approach. To minimize the dangers, a limited posterior incision was made and deepened through the short rotators. The arthroscope was introduced through the incision to perforate the posteroinferior portion of the hip joint capsule. The bullet was easily visualized with a 70 degree arthroscope. Positioning at the joint and traction are vital components to visualization. The use of three-dimensional CT scanning is an aid to the graphic understanding of the bullet's pathway and relations to the surfaces of the hip joint.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Athlete shoulder injuries: CT arthrographic findings.

Forty-three professional and amateur athletes with persistent shoulder pain that interfered with their sports activities were evaluated by computed tomographic (CT) arthrography. In 19 patients, glenohumeral instability (14 anterior, two posterior, three multidirectional) was diagnosed with CT arthrography based on the simultaneous presence of labral and capsular lesions. The findings were crucial in establishing the diagnosis of instability in six patients in whom the condition was not suggested or could not be confirmed clinically. Another significant injury consisted of labral lesions not associated with glenohumeral instability. These tears often involved the anterior and parasuperior segments of this structure. Other, less frequently detected lesions included segmental labral enlargement and several labra with abnormal orientation (everted labrum). Early onset of degenerative disease was present in many athletes, especially those with a long history of sports activity. CT arthrographic findings were correlated with arthroscopic or surgical results in 19 patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The unheralded value of arthroscopy using local anesthesia for diagnostic specificity and intraoperative corroboration of therapeutic achievement.

The senior author has performed more than 600 "therapeutic" arthroscopies under local anesthesia since 1978. The authors believe that the cases presented illustrate the increased diagnostic accuracy offered by performing arthroscopy of the knee under local anesthetic in certain types of cases. We are by no means advocating that all arthroscopies of the knee be performed under local anesthesia. Certainly, the majority of knee arthroscopies need not be performed under local anesthesia, because the diagnosis is usually evident. Perhaps when the diagnosis is not clear, a combination of local with regional or with general would be best, with performance of the diagnostic portion of the arthroscopy under local anesthesia. When an instantaneous improvement is possible, such as change in joint motion, or when some change in joint dynamics may be visualized, local should then be continued through the therapeutic conclusion of the procedure. Arthroscopy under local anesthesia has also been performed by the authors on the shoulder, elbow, and ankle, where the diagnostic benefits have been realized. Certain reconstructive operations, such as patellar realignments, are worthy of performance under local anesthesia in selected cases. In conclusion, the authors believe that arthroscopy of the knee and other joints under local anesthesia may add measurably to the diagnostic capability of the arthroscopist, and not infrequently to a therapeutic advantage.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Limited posterolateral surgical approach to the knee for excision of osteoid osteoma.

An 18-year-old man suffered four years of undiagnosed knee pain until a CAT scan revealed an epiphyseal osteoid osteoma of the tibia located subchondrally, just medial to the proximal tibiofibular joint. A nidus in this location is not easily accessible, and its proximity to the joint surface raised concerns about damage to the tibial plateau. To facilitate excision of the tumor, cadaveric dissections were performed to develop a limited posterior approach to the proximal, lateral portion of the tibia. The CAT scan was used to calculate the precise dimensions of the tumor and its relation to the posterior tibial cortex and the proximal tibiofibular joint. With the use of the exposure developed in the laboratory and the calculations derived from the CAT scan, the tumor could be excised by removing a single block of bone 15 mm3. Intraoperative radiographs confirmed the presence of the nidus within the excised block of bone. This case report reaffirms the frequent difficulties and tardiness in diagnosing osteoid osteomas and the need to include these tumors in the differential diagnosis of knee pain and epiphyseal lesions. Before CAT scans were used, the working diagnoses were torn meniscus, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, and bone hemangiomatosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

CT arthrography of capsular structures of the shoulder.

The capsular mechanism of the shoulder joint consists of the joint capsule, which is strengthened by the glenohumeral ligaments and the rotator cuff, the glenoid labrum, and a variable number of synovial recesses. Although the fibrous capsule is a lax structure, the normal function of the capsular mechanism makes it an effective barrier against anterior dislocation, particularly in external rotation. There has been a tendency in the past to overestimate the role of the glenoid labrum in stability of the shoulder joint. In patients with instability, the significance of the capsular attachment or its anomalous insertions to the glenoid has not been adequately recognized. Labral tears may develop as secondary lesions due to repeated dislocations and subluxations rather than representing the primary lesion responsible for instability. Operative visualization of capsular defects or detachments is often difficult. Prior knowledge of these lesions can effectively help the choice of an appropriate surgical procedure and reduce operating time. The results of computed tomographic (CT) arthrography of the shoulder joint in 45 patients are reported and the normal and pathologic variations of the joint capsule and particularly the capsular insertions are described. Configuration of the joint recesses and the glenoid labrum are also evaluated. These CT findings were correlated and verified by surgery or arthroscopy in 26 cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Menstrual function and bone mass in elite women distance runners. Endocrine and metabolic features.

Bone mass and metabolic features were studied in 17 women distance runners. Eleven of the women had secondary amenorrhea for 1 to 7 years. Six women have maintained regular menses since menarche. Both groups were matched for aerobic capacity, body fat, exercise intensity, and age of menarche. Mineral density of lumbar spine in the amenorrheic runners was lower than that in the cyclic women and age-matched controls, but higher than that in runners with secondary amenorrhea who are less physically active. Mineral density of the radius was normal in both groups. Running-related fractures were more frequent in amenorrheic women. Metabolic assessment showed no differences between groups, except that serum triiodothyronine was lower in the amenorrheic group, perhaps reflecting low calorie intake. Intense exercise may reduce the impact of amenorrhea on bone mass; however, amenorrheic runners remain at high risk for exercise-related fractures.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sport-specific performance factor profiling: fencing as a prototype.

A musculoskeletal profiling study was done on 24 members of the U. S. Pan American and Olympic fencing squads. This was presented as a methodological prototype for future, more comprehensive sport profiling studies. It is proposed that sport-specific profiling data have practical application in the following areas: 1. The identification of physical deficiencies in an athlete, using his or her sport profile as a comparative standard. This would apply to general pre- and postseason screening as well as to medical complaint-related examinations. 2. Providing objective, sport-specific criteria for determining when an injured athlete has recovered to the extent that he or she is adequately prepared to return to play. Rehabilitation goals for full recovery can also be defined. 3. Increasing the efficacy and efficiency of training techniques. 4. The prospective identification of superior performance potential in athletes at early competitive levels. If sport profiles were developed for the major participant sports at several competitive levels, the profiling system as described here could have significant application to a large number of athletes in a variety of playing situations.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography (CT) arthrography of shoulder instabilities in athletes.

Sixty professional and recreational athletes underwent CT arthrography of the shoulder for evaluation of suspected shoulder joint derangement. These athletes, 46 males and 14 females ranging in age from 15 to 60 years (mean, 32 years), all had persistent pain that interfered with their sports activity and was resistant to conservative treatment. Seventeen patients had shoulder instability based on clinical manifestations and CT arthrographic findings. An additional five patients, also based on clinical manifestations and CT arthrographic findings, were considered to have an unobtrusive degree of anterior joint laxity. Patients with anterior instability (20 cases) all had an anteroinferior tear or detachment of the glenoid labrum, as well as some violation of the insertion of the joint capsule onto the scapula. Those with posterior instability (two cases) had a combination of labral and capsular tears. Two other major patterns of labral tears, both unaffiliated with shoulder instability, were identified. These included total or partial detachment of superior segments of the labrum, and anterior labral tears at the midglenoid level. Moreover, various degrees of labral attenuation (or, less often, enlargement), osteophyte formation, and alterations in articular cartilage were observed. Surgical correlation was obtained in 25 patients, with 95% accuracy of CT arthrographic findings. CT arthrography is a minimally invasive and highly accurate technique for investigation of glenohumeral derangement. Specifically, the extent of pathologic changes associated with instability can be determined and differentiated from other intraarticular causes of incapacity, such as labral tears caused by throwing, or degenerative changes.

Adolescent↗