Biomedical subjects

J Montalt

Publications and source records attributed to J Montalt.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2000

[Infantile facial paralysis: diagnostic and therapeutic features].

This paper deals with a series of 11 cases of peripheral unilateral facial paralyses affecting children under 15 years. Following parameters are reviewed: age, sex, side immobilized, origin, morbid antecedents, clinical and neurophysiological explorations (electroneurography through magnetic stimulation) and the evolutive course of the cases. These items are assembled in 3 sketches in the article. Clinical assessment of face movility is more difficult as the patient is younger, nevertheless electroneurography was possible in the whole group. Clinical restoration was complete, excepting one complicated cholesteatomatous patient. Some aspects concerning the etiology, diagnostic explorations and management of each pediatric case are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

[Progression of profound perceptive deafness in children].

We have studied 340 cases of deep neurisensorial deafness in children and their evolution along a 7.2 years term. Conventional audiometry has been used as commonest method for assessing the auditive function. In a considerable number of cases (15.9%) hearing loss was progressive and some relation referring to sex, the bearing of hearing aids and the etiology is statistically contemplated.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗

PubMed1999

[The blink reflex in the electrophysiologic exploration of Bell's palsy and its prognostic value].

Conventional electrophysiology of the facial nerve gives only information about the functional condition of its extracranial segment. The blink-reflex triggered for the electric stimulation of supraorbital nerve allows the study of the whole nerve path, even the intraosteal, where the great majority of its pathology settles. We have realized this tests in 43 Bell's palsy cases (at the beginning of the paralysis and three weeks later) and correlated the results with the clinic course, in order to set up the pronostic value of the procedure. The cases with shorter tendency of blink reflex along the three first week have a better outcome.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

[Tobacco addiction and current treatment methods].

Smoking currently is considered to be an addiction with severe medical and social effects. It has been implicated in some respiratory and extra-respiratory diseases. In spite of knowing its dangerous effects, many patients cannot stop smoking without outside help. This help usually is provided by health-care personnel. It is necessary to be familiar with disintoxication methods in order to be able to advise patients on the use of any one or a combination of them. The most efficient method is individual medical help. Nicotine substitutes have demonstrated their effectiveness. Other complementary methods are not considered effective unless combined.

Behavior, Addictive↗

PubMed1997

[Secretory middle ear otitis with severe sensorineural deafness].

Secretory middle ear otitis is of difficult assessment in children with severe hearing impairment. This otitis, very frequent in infants and children, influences negatively the auditive capacity and apprenticeship as well. Our study deals with the prevalence and severity of the secretive middle ear otitis in an scholar population handicapped by a heavy hypoacusia. Demographically, etiologic and seasonal correlations are considered in the paper. The outcome shows a high incidence of the condition, an inversely relation with the age, an evident seasonal distribution and the absence of correlation between etiology of middle ear disease and sensorineural deafness.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗

PubMed1996

[The morphological and morphometric study of the segment of the labyrinth of the fallopian canal].

The study of the Fallopian canal with bone specimens can offer an exact and valuable information on the morphology of this duct and its close relations with neighbouring structures. The aim of this paper is to give an actualized compilation of the updated know findings, regarding the morphology and the morphometry of the first segment of the Fallopian canal. The study is based on 92 human temporal bones coming from skulls of adult subjects of both sexes. After a careful drilling work the whole length of the canal, that of the I.E.C. and the corresponding to the labyrinthine segment as well, were exposed and measured. The results allowed the AA. the macroscopical checking of the inversed ratio between the length and the calibre of the investigated canals. The labyrinthine portion of the facial canal is more narrow at its beginning (at the bottom of the I.E.C.) becoming broader as the duct approaches the first knee (geniculated ganglion) of the nerve.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Young's syndrome: a further cause of chronic rhinosinusitis.

Three males--aged 32, 35, and 27 years--presented Young's syndrome: a combination of obstructive azoospermia and chronic sinopulmonary infection. The evaluation of nasal mucociliary transport using an isotopic technique revealed mucociliary stasis in one case and decreased clearance in the others (< 2 mm/min). Ciliary ultrastructure was normal in two patients, while the other showed mucous hyperplasia and low ciliary density which made correct ciliary evaluation not possible. The clinical development of this syndrome is chronic, although less severe than in the other two syndromes that exhibit primary failure of mucociliary transport: cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia. Young's syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients suffering from chronic rhinosinusitis, particularly with cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia syndrome.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Invasive fungal sinusitis in immunosuppressed patients. Report of three cases.

Report of three cases. Newly appeared immunosuppression related conditions have led to an increase in morbidity of systemic opportunistic mycoses. Rhinosinusal infection has also increased in frequency. Three invasive nasosinusal mycoses are presented: two cases of mucormycosis and a simultaneous infection by mucormycosis and candida albicans. In all cases, and despite treatment, progression of the disease could not be stopped and the patients died. The main characteristics of invasive nasosinusal mycoses are reviewed, to obtain early diagnosis. Early therapy improves the prognosis, and thus clinical suspicion justifies treatment before establishing a microbiological diagnosis.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗

PubMed1995

Hypoglossal nerve conduction study by transcranial magnetic stimulation in normal subjects.

The introduction of transcranial magnetic stimulation has allowed the study of conduction in the proximal portions and central pathways of the cranial nerves. A study is made of cranial nerve XII with transcranial magnetic stimulation at two levels, cortical and cisternal, registering the motor evoked potential by means of surface electrodes in contact with the upper face of the tongue. Motor evoked potentials were constantly observed on cortical stimulation, in a painless, easy, and reproducible way, with mean values of 10.84 +/- 1.14 milliseconds (latency) and 7.81 +/- 1.14 mV (amplitude). Motor evoked potentials were unconstant and showed reduced amplitudes on cisternal stimulation, with mean values of 4.72 +/- 0.62 milliseconds and 0.83 +/- 1.26 mV. The magnetic stimulation technique allows the study of the entire motor pathway of cranial nerve XII (motor cortex-medulla, motoneuron-muscle). The method is efficient, noninvasive, painless, and easily reproduced, and it comes close to being an ideal clinical conduction study technique for this cranial nerve.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Morphological and morphometric study of the tympanic and mastoid portions of the fallopian aqueduct].

In surgery of the temporal bone the best way to avoid injuries to the facial nerve is to be acquainted with its location in all the surgical steps of the procedure scheduled. That is to say: an exact knowledge of its normal intratemporal run, having always in mind some characteristic landmarks, is absolutely essential. This work has been done through drilling 92 human temporal bones, measuring the length of both the tympanic and mastoidal segments and also considering the bending of the 2nd knee of the nerve. In the issue the mastoidal portion resulted the most straight (by half of the cases) whereas the tympanic one was slightly sloping downwards between the lateral semicircular canal upwards and the oval window below. Topographically has not been possible to establish neither a strict correlation between the location of the pyramide and the 2nd knee nor this knee was found by uns (in contrast to other AA's findings) at higher angle than 90 degrees in our specimen.

Culture Techniques↗

PubMed1995

[Descriptive analysis of evoked laryngeal potentials of the brainstem in rabbits].

The present study evaluated comparatively the laryngeal brainstem responses (LBR) evoked, through electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve, in 2 groups of mature rabbits, using a far field technique. Each group is formed according to the shifting of the stimulation parameters followed for the research, namely: intensity (from 0.5 to 3 mA), stimulus frequency (from 2 stimuli/second to 5 stimuli/second) and total stimulation time (between 200 microseconds to 500 microseconds). Afterwards the values attained are compared with those supplied for the control-group (having 2 mA intensity, 4 stimuli per second and 100 microseconds as time). We got significative statistical differences regarding the stimulus intensity and the outcome is a shortening in latency wawe of LBR when using 3 mA.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

[Approach to the laryngeal reflex through the study of laryngeal evoked potentials from the brainstem in rabbits].

The present study evaluated the laryngeal brainstem response evoked by electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve in rabbits, using a far-field technique with an intensity of 2 mA, 100 microseconds duration and frequency of 4/second. Five reproducible positive and four negative waves, both reproducible, were obtained and they may represent the laryngeal brainstem activity.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

[Oncogenic activity of head and neck tumors].

Some types of malignant neoplasms are consequence of genetic changes. The starting of oncogenesis begins when some genetic alterations arises, or the genome acquires some peculiar and pathological traits owing to the action of physical, chemical or viral agents. These alterations set in motion an activatory phenomenon upon the proto-oncogene which is turned into an oncogene. The oncogene is responsible for fixed alterations of the genome inducing to an anomalous cellular growth. In squamous carcinomata of the head and neck has been observed mutations of the p-53 tumour-suppressor gene, alike amplifications of the ras-gene, of the C-myc proto-oncogene and also of the epidermal growth factor gene (EGFG). The viruses induce mutations on the genome. That would be the explanatory reason for the association carcinoma of the rhinopharynx-Epstein-Barr virus.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMed1994

Superior laryngeal nerve evoked potentials: an experimental study in the rabbit.

An experimental model is described for recording laryngeal evoked potentials at the brainstem level through electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve. Rabbits were divided into two groups according to age: Group 1 consisted of 20 adults (over 6 months old), while group 2 was comprised of 1-month-old rabbits. Under general anesthesia, the superior laryngeal nerve was electrically stimulated and the corresponding evoked potentials were recorded by needle electrodes placed close to the dorsal and ventral aspects of the brain stem. Clear age-related differences were observed for latency, amplitude, and morphology of the potentials. This fact suggests postnatal maturation of the nerve structures, both peripheral and central. Sectioning the superior laryngeal nerve abolished all responses. Adduction of both vocal cords was observed in conjunction with the use of stimulation.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Laryngeal mucociliary transport: normal values and under the influence of anesthetics. An experimental study in rabbits.

The larynx is the point of confluence of all tracheobronchial secretions and of the particles trapped within them. A study is made of laryngeal mucociliary transport using charcoal particles in 8 anesthetized rabbits and in 8 more during the immediate postmortem period. Most secretions were found to reach the posterior commissure, and were then swallowed. In the immediate postmortem rabbits, mucociliary transport velocity was 3.59 +/- 1.23 mm/min., with a transport time of 4.62 +/- 1.5 min. In the 8 rabbits anesthetized with droperidol, diazepam and thiobarbital, transport was found to be significantly slowed (p = 0.001).

Anesthetics↗

PubMed1993

Accessory nerve electroneurography by magnetic stimulation in normal subjects.

An electroneurographic study was made of the accessory nerve in 15 healthy subjects by conventional peripheral electrical stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation at three different levels: cortical contralateral (frontoparietal), homolateral occipital and at the base of the skull. The motor evoked potential (MEP) obtained by magnetic stimulation at the skull base exhibited greater latency and amplitude than that recorded by conventional peripheral electrical stimulation. The MEP obtained by stimulating at occipital level again exhibited a greater latency than that corresponding to skull base stimulation, but the amplitude was smaller. Finally, the MEP resulting from cortical stimulation failed to appear uniformly in all of the individuals studied. Its amplitude was smaller than in the previous cases, with a mean latency of 11.76 ms and a central conduction time of 7.5 ms. The magnetic stimulation technique allowed the efficient, painless, non-invasive and easily reproducible study of the motor pathway of the spinal nerve over its entire trajectory (motor cortex-motor neuron-muscle).

Accessory Nerve↗

PubMed1993

[Kniest syndrome. An audiological study].

In this syndrome there is a disproportionate dwarfism with kyphoscoliosis, stiffness of the joints, minor facial dysmorphia, myopia and both conductive and sensorineural deafness in 50 percent of patients. It is a dominant autosomic heritable malady of unknown incidence, but both sexes seems equally affected. The patient's condition is diagnosed at birth, because of the short limbs and the enlargement of the joints. In the presented case, diagnosed at birth, the deafness was suppose to be transmissive, owing to the coexistence of a cleft palate, and consequently a grommet was inserted in the tympanum. Only afterwards, when the girl was 12 years old, the cochlear component of the hypoacusis fell in consideration.

Audiometry↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Usher syndrome. A genetic, otoneurologic and ophthalmologic study].

We have studied a group of 8 patients that presented the Usher syndrome. We have analyzed their family genealogic tree, showing the hereditary pattern found. We have analyzed the cochlear and vestibular functions. The retinoic and ophthalmologic complications are evaluated. We have searched for possible olfactory and gustative neuroreceptors disease.

Adolescent↗