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Biomedical subjects

J Montero

Publications and source records attributed to J Montero.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Basis for changes in medical education].

Medicine and medical education are going through a critical period due to a series of factors. Amongst them the explosion of knowledge and the progress in technology, and on the other hand the inefficiency of traditional medicine to cope with frequent and important health problems. We propose a medical education model based on a wider traditional model that incorporates social and psychological aspects of medicine emphasizing on prevention of disease and promotion of health. This model offers new methodological alternatives centered in the identification of problems, the acquisition of information and decision making, rather than in the storage of information.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1992

[Minimal-intensity carpal tunnel syndrome. Diagnostic sensitivity of various electrophysiological tests].

The most sensitive tests for the electrophysiological diagnosis of the carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) were studied in asymptomatic hands contralateral to those objectively involved. The presence of dromic potential of "double peak" by stimulation of fingers 1 and 4, with detection of equidistant points of Median and Radial and Median and Cubital respectively, in the wrist, was the test demonstrating the earliest and most constant alterations. The detection of alterations with a frequency of subclinical character is of interest in the quantitative evaluation of CTS and in the recognition of the wide spectrum of the intensity of involvement of this compression syndrome.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Blood lymphocytes are sensitized to branchial plexus nerves in patients with neuralgic amyotrophy.

The percentage of lymphocytic subsets in the blood of cases with neuralgic amyotrophy (NA), and the proliferative response of blood lymphocytes cultured with different nerve extracts, obtained from normal subjects at postmortem, were examined in 6 patients with NA and in 18 age-matched controls with shoulder pain not related to NA. Most (5/6) NA patients had decreased CD3 values and increased CD4/CD8 ratios due to a decreased of the CD8 subset. Lymphocytes of NA patients increased their blastogenic activity in cultures with nerve extracts from different brachial plexus nerves and its branches, but not in cultures with extracts of sacral plexus nerves. Cultures did not respond to nerve extracts in any of the control cases, although mitogenic activity was similarly elicited in cultured lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin in both control cases and NA patients. These results suggest that NA is probably an immune mediated disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Normal electroneurographic values of the sural nerve related to age].

The normal values of sural nerve electroneurography (ENG) by the antidromic technique with skin electrodes are reported for 104 healthy individuals who were evaluated in decade groups. A lineal increase of the duration (DUR) and an increase, also lineal, of amplitude (AMP) of conduction velocity with age were found. Also, a significantly higher AMP of the evoked sensory potential (ESP) was found in the left than in the right side when all data were considered as a whole. The adjustment for age of the parameters of sural nerve ENG is a basic requirement in the measurement of the electrophysiological abnormalities contributing to the diagnosis of a neuropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Potassium supplementation lowers blood pressure and increases urinary kallikrein in essential hypertensives.

In order to eludicate possible mechanism(s) involved in the blood pressure reduction induced by potassium (K) supplementation, we studied the changes of BP and of some of its regulatory systems, including levels of urinary kallikrein (UKal)--an index of renal kallikrein production. Twenty-four untreated essential hypertensives, with a basal BP of 147/96 +/- 13/7 mmHg and normal renal function, received in crossover, double-blind, randomised fashion, 64 mmol KCl or placebo during two periods of 4 weeks each. At the 4th week of potassium supplementation systolic, diastolic and mean BPs decreased by 6.3 +/- 2 (P less than 0.01), 3.0 +/- 2 and 4.1 +/- 2 (P less than 0.05) mmHg respectively for the supine position, and 5.0 +/- 2, 4.0 +/- 2 (P less than 0.05) and 4.0 +/- 1 (P less than 0.05) mmHg for the standing position. Urinary potassium (K) increased from 55 +/- 4 to 123 +/- 6 mmol/24 hours (P less than 0.001) and UKal from 692 +/- 69 to 1052 +/- 141 mU/24 hours (P less than 0.01). Serum K rose from 3.8 +/- 0.1 mEq/l to 4.1 +/- 0.1 mmol/l (P less than 0.001) and PRA from 0.77 +/- 0.12 to 0.99 +/- 0.14 ng/ml/h (P less than 0.05). Correlations were observed between UKal and urinary K (r = 0.44, P less than 0.0001); between differences in UKal and urinary K and in UKal and urinary Na (r = 0.50, P less than 0.0005 and r = 0.48, P less than 0.001 respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1990

Aberrant right subclavian artery associated with common carotid trunk. A rare cause of vascular ring.

We have reviewed four cases of incomplete vascular rings caused by the presence of a common carotid trunk from which arose both carotid arteries associated with an aberrant right subclavian artery. The patients were aged between 3 and 9 months. All patients presented with recurrent respiratory tract infections. Three patients showed signs of malnutrition and failure to thrive caused by episodes of bronchial aspiration from extrinsic compression of the oesophagus. One patient presented with dyspnoea induced by feeding and another had stridor. A common carotid trunk associated with an aberrant subclavian artery was confirmed in all cases. No other associated anomaly was observed in any patient. Ligature and section of the anomalous right subclavian artery was performed in all patients. The low incidence of this type of vascular ring, its physiopathological mechanism and surgical management are discussed.

Carotid Arteries↗
PubMed1990

[Stiff man syndrome (Moersch and Woltman syndrome). Description of two cases].

This study reports two female patients with progressive muscular rigidity beginning to the paravertebral and pelvic muscles associated with muscular spasms. The electromyography showed continuous muscular activity originated at the central nervous system. In both cases we observed the complete rigid man syndrome. Complementary explorations including thyroid hormonal study, ceruloplasmin, electroencephalogram, cranial computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance were normal. Auditive evoked potentials evidenced a prolongation of the interlatency III-V, suggesting pathologic involvement of the encephalic trunk. In one patient an artificial reservoir was inserted to instill baclofen into the meningeal space and produced a clinical improvement. The actual status of this rare illness is reviewed.

Electromyography↗
PubMed1989

[Survey of smoking habits of the medical personnel at the Hospital San Pedro de Alcántara (Cáceres)].

The prevalence and social and health aspects of smoking habits among physicians of the Hospital San Pedro de Alcántara (Cáceres) were evaluated with the questionnaire used in the course on smoking habits delivered by the INSALUD in 1988. The sample consisted of 123 physicians. 47.1% (+8.7%) declared to be smokers. This prevalence is higher than that in the general population. The rate of female nonsmokers was significantly higher than that of male nonsmokers (p less than 0.05). 51.7% of smokers had not made any attempt to give up smoking. 90% thought that the role of the doctors as a model is important, and that the health system should undertake their treatment. 97.2% declared to lack therapeutic resources. The results disclose the need for specific programs directed to exemplary groups of professionals, such as those devoted to health care, so as to achieve a reduction in the smoking habit.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Peripheral neuropathy associated with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy.

A 49-year-old man developed mononeuritis multiplex associated with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. The biopsy of the sural nerve revealed focal reduction of myelinated fibres and axonal degeneration, as well as perivascular inflammatory infiltrates composed of lymphocytes and plasma cells, exhibiting policlonal immunoglobulin expression, proliferation of blood vessels, thickening of the vessel wall and endothelial hyperplasia. These latter changes are similar to those commonly encountered in the lymph nodes, as well as in other organs, in patients suffering from angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Androgen receptor content in cytosol from non-tumoral human kidney and its relation to steroid hormone environment.

The content of cytoplasmic androgen receptors (Bmax) was analyzed in non-tumoral renal tissue of 12 men and 15 postmenopausal women using a synthetic androgen (methyltrienolone) as ligand and a method of dextran-coated charcoal. The Bmax in both sexes was compared, establishing correlations between it and circulating levels of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione, and estradiol to find out the possible influence of the hormonal environment on androgen receptors in the human kidney. No differences in Bmax were observed between males (46.3 +/- 24 fmol/g of tissue) and females (45.4 +/- 26 fmol/g), in spite of the significantly greater (p less than 0.01) levels of circulating testosterone in the former group. No significant linear correlations existed between any of the steroids analyzed and the Bmax. These results demonstrate the existence of androgenic receptors in non-tumoral human kidney and indicate that its content is not regulated by circulating levels of testosterone. The concentrations of the principal extratesticular androgens and estradiol do not seem to have a quantitative influence on these androphilic proteins either.

Adult↗