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Biomedical subjects

J Moodie

Publications and source records attributed to J Moodie.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

The effect of Edmonston-Zagreb and Schwarz measles vaccines on immune response in infants.

The effects of measles immunization on immune responses in infants and the roles of vaccine strain and age of immunization are not known. Eighty-eight children were immunized at 6 or 9 months of age with the Edmonston-Zagreb (EZ) or Schwarz (SW6, SW9) strain of measles vaccine. Children were studied before and 2 weeks and 3 months after immunization. Seroconversion was similar, but geometric mean neutralizing titers at 3 months differed by vaccine group: SW9, 1367 mIU/mL; SW6, 982; and EZ, 303 (P = .003). Mitogen-induced lymphoproliferation was decreased at 2 weeks in the SW9 group and at 3 months in all groups and was negatively correlated with measles antibody level at 3 months (r = -.387, P = .003). CD8 T cells, soluble CD8, neopterin, and beta2-microglobulin were increased at 2 weeks in the SW9 group, and soluble CD8 and beta2-microglobulin remained elevated at 3 months. Therefore, measles immunization resulted in suppression of lymphoproliferation, which was most evident in infants with the highest antibody responses and most immune activation.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

A general practice study to compare the efficacy and tolerability of a spray ('Otomize') versus a standard drop formulation ('Sofradex') in the treatment of patients with otitis externa.

In an open, multi-centre study in general practice, a comparison was made of the efficacy, tolerability and acceptability of a neomycin/dexamethasone preparation administered by metered-dose spray ('Otomize') and a framycetin/gramicidin/dexamethasone preparation ('Sofradex') administered as drops in 60 patients with otitis externa. Patients were allocated at random to receive one or other preparations 3-times daily for 10 days and were followed-up again 14 days after cessation of therapy. Clinical assessments were carried out under observer blind conditions on entry (Day 0) and on Days 10 and 24 of the severity of erythema, swelling and debris in the affected ear(s). A global assessment of clinical outcome was made by the doctor on Day 10. There were no significant differences in the two groups at the start of treatment. Significant improvement occurred in both groups from Day 0 to Day 10 and from Day 10 to Day 24 in all symptoms, with the proportion symptom-free in the 'Otomize' group significantly greater than in the 'Sofradex' group at 24 days, and approaching significance at 10 days. Significantly more patients in the 'Otomize' group were rated as having a good clinical outcome by the physician, and fewer patients experienced discomfort on application. Few side-effects were reported by either treatment group, none necessitating discontinuation of therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Comparative efficacy and tolerability of two antibacterial/anti-inflammatory formulations ('Otomize' spray and 'Otosporin' drops) in the treatment of otitis externa in general practice.

An open, multi-centre study was carried out in general practice to compare the efficacy, tolerability and acceptability of a neomycin/dexamethasone preparation administered by spray ('Otomize') and neomycin/polymyxin B/hydrocortisone administered as drops ('Otosporin') in the treatment of 187 patients with otitis externa. Patients were allocated at random to receive one or other preparation 3-times daily for 10 days irrespective of response and were followed up again 14 days after cessation of therapy. Assessments were made on entry and at Days 10 and 24 of the severity of erythema, swelling and debris. A global assessment of clinical outcome was made by the doctor on Day 10. There were no significant differences between the two groups at the start of treatment. Significant improvement occurred in both groups from Day 0 to Day 10 and from Day 10 to Day 24 in all symptoms, but no statistically significant differences were recorded between the two drugs. However, significantly more patients in the 'Otomize' group were rated as having a good clinical outcome by the physicians, and a highly significant number of patients, with previous experience of the use of ear drops, expressed a preference for the spray preparation. Few side-effects were reported by either treatment group, none necessitating discontinuation of therapy.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1988

Comparative efficacy and tolerability of two ointment and suppository preparations ('Uniroid' and 'Proctosedyl') in the treatment of second degree haemorrhoids in general practice.

A multi-centre general practice, open study was carried out in 89 patients with second degree haemorrhoids to compare the efficacy and tolerability of two antibiotic-corticosteroid combinations ('Uniroid' and 'Proctosedyl') in ointment and suppository formulations. Patients were allocated at random into 4 groups and received treatment with one of the trial preparations for 1, 2 or 3 weeks, as required, with weekly assessments of response. There were no significant differences between the various groups at the start of treatment. Significant improvement occurred in all groups during treatment. Both suppository and ointment formulations were broadly comparable and control of symptoms was achieved from Week 2 onwards, building up to levels in excess of 90% after 3 weeks of therapy. With regard to the symptoms of pain and itching, suppositories gave marginally greater relief in the early stages of treatment, while both ointment and suppositories were associated with similar reduction in bleeding from haemorrhoids. Whereas both suppository formulations were about equal in reducing anal discharge, 'Uniroid' ointment was clinically superior to 'Proctosedyl' ointment in controlling this symptom over the 3-week trial period. No unwanted effects were experienced attributable to treatment. No statistically significant differences between the two ointment and the two suppository formulations were identified in this study and all four preparations were found to be efficacious in the majority of patients studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Meningitis in Cape Town children.

A prospective clinical and microbiological survey of 213 children who presented to the teaching hospitals of the Cape Peninsula with meningitis was performed during a winter month. The predominant bacterium isolated was Neisseria meningitidis and this survey uncovered an outbreak of viral meningitis due to echovirus 4 of the Du Toit strain. In comparison with previous studies, the absence of fever in 20% of the cases of meningococcal disease and the isolation of N. meningitidis group B organisms which were resistant to sulphonamides are noted. Cases of N. meningitidis meningitis with initial clinical and cerebrospinal fluid findings indistinguishable from those in echovirus 4 meningitis are presented to emphasize the difficulties encountered in making a differential diagnosis. We recommend that in endemic areas all children with meningitis should be observed in hospital for at least 48 hours until the diagnosis of N. meningitidis has been excluded bacteriologically.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Extradural analgesia in obstetrics: a controlled trial of carbonated lignocaine and bupivacaine hydrochloride with or without adrenaline.

Four local anaesthetic solutions (2% carbonated lignocaine with or without adrenaline and 0.5% bupivacaine HCl with or without adrenaline) were used randomly for 335 continuous lumbar extradural blocks in labour. Carbonated lignocaine caused a more rapid onset of analgesia than bupivacaine HCl. The addition of adrenaline made little difference to the onset times, prolonged markedly the duration of analgesia with carbonated lignocaine and had little effect on the duration of analgesia with bupivacaine HCl. Tachyphylaxis was a feature with carbonated lignocaine and adrenaline, but not with the other solutions. The incidence of unblocked segments was 7-9% in the four groups. The incidence of unilateral analgesia was 6% with plain lignocaine and 13% in the other groups. Complete pain relief occurred more frequently with bupivacaine HCl than with carbonated lignocaine and the use of adrenaline had little effect on the degree of analgesia.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗