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Biomedical subjects

J Moriarity

Publications and source records attributed to J Moriarity.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

A prospective controlled study of cognitive function during an amateur boxing tournament.

BACKGROUND: Few studies have reported acute postbout cognitive function in amateur boxers, and none have documented the effects of repeated boxing bouts within a short time frame. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether participation in a 7-day amateur boxing tournament is associated with acute deterioration in cognitive test performance. METHODS: A prospective study was done of 82 collegiate amateur boxers participating in a 7-day single elimination tournament and a group of 30 matched nonboxing control participants. No participants had a history of recent concussion or past history of brain injury. For boxers, cognitive assessment using a computerized test battery was performed before the tournament and within 2 hours of completing each bout. Tests of simple and choice reaction time, working memory, and learning were administered. Analysis of variance was conducted to compare the serial performance of control participants with that of boxers participating in one, two, and three bouts. RESULTS: The 82 boxers fought 159 times. Cognitive testing was performed after 142 of these bouts. On simple reaction time, choice reaction time, and working memory tasks, the serial performance of boxers participating in three bouts (n = 22) was equivalent to that of boxers participating in two bouts (n = 22) and one bout (n = 32) and to nonboxing control participants (n = 30). An improvement in performance was observed on the learning task in boxers participating in three bouts. Boxers whose bout was stopped by the referee (n = 7) displayed significant slowing in simple and choice reaction time. CONCLUSIONS: With the exception of boxers whose contest is stopped by the referee, amateur boxers participating in multiple bouts during a 7-day tournament display no evidence of cognitive dysfunction in the immediate postbout period.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Dopamine genes and ADHD.

Family, twin, and adoption studies have documented a strong genetic basis for ADHD/HKD, but these studies do not identify specific genes linked to the disorder. Molecular genetic studies can identify allelic variations of specific genes that are functionally associated with ADHD/HKD, and dopamine genes have been the initial candidates based on the site of action of the stimulants drugs, which for a half century have provided the primary pharmacological treatment for ADHD/HKD. Two candidate dopamine genes have been investigated and reported to be associated with ADHD/HKD: the dopamine transporter (DAT1) gene [Cook et al., American Journal of Human Genetics 1995;56:993-998, Gill et al., Molecular Psychiatry 1997;2:311-313] and the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene [LaHoste et al., Molecular Psychiatry 1996;1:121-124: Smalley et al., 1998;3:427-430; Swanson et al., Molecular Psychiatry 1998;3:38-41]. Speculative hypotheses [Swanson and Castellanos, NIH Consensus Development Conference: Diagnosis and Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, November 1998. p. 37-42] have suggested that specific alleles of these dopamine genes may alter dopamine transmission in the neural networks implicated in ADHD/HKD (e.g. that the 10-repeat allele of the DAT1 gene may be associated with hyperactive re-uptake of dopamine or that the 7-repeat allele of the DRD4 gene may be associated with a subsensitive postsynaptic receptor). These and other variants of the dopamine hypothesis of ADHD will be discussed.

Alleles↗
PubMed1996

Distant entry pneumothorax in a competitive fencer.

An elite level fencer sustained a penetrating wound to the upper arm after his opponent's blade broke. Standard care for a deep puncture wound was given but it was some time before the athlete presented symptoms of a pneumothorax, which was confirmed by radiograph. Although resolution of this case was unremarkable, the possibility of penetrating thoracic injury, even when the point of entry is well outside the thorax and the athlete is not immediately symptomatic, should be born in mind by medical personnel working with fencers.

Arm Injuries↗
PubMed1994

Low incidence of adverse experiences after measles or measles-rubella mass revaccination at a college campus.

A postvaccination questionnaire and review of student and employee clinic visits were carried out at Notre Dame University in the spring of 1990 after mass campus revaccination with measles or measles-rubella vaccines in the autumn of 1989, in order to assess the incidence of adverse experiences after revaccination. Rates of adverse experiences (AE), which included chiefly local injection site discomfort and flu-like symptoms, among respondents were 6.6% and 13.4%, male and female students, respectively, and 9.3% and 25%, male and female employees, respectively. Rates of joint-related complaints (4%) were lower than reported after primary vaccination, particularly in young adult women. AEs in general, and joint reaction rates in particular, were generally mild and transient, and only 0.23% resulted in a clinic visit. Revaccination of prior vaccinees appears to be associated with relatively low AE rates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

American Indian health. Providers, communities surmount profound problems.

Minnesota's urban and rural Indian communities today face a similar set of complex and daunting health problems. No one overriding issue exists, nor does an overall solution. While staff shortages, a dire lack of Indian health professionals, and inadequate financial resources play a role, poverty, racism, lifestyle, alcoholism, and cultural change and conflict all further complicate health problems for Indian people.

Health Services Needs and Demand↗
PubMed1992

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a college athlete.

The greatest catastrophy in sports is an athlete's unexpected sudden death. Identifying those athletes at risk remains a great challenge to physicians performing preseason examinations. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common cause of nontraumatic sudden death in athletes. Most cases of this diseased heart are diagnosed easily by echocardiography. The case presented exemplifies the attention to detail required to differentiate the borderline diseased heart from the conditioned athletic heart. Once a diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is made, further participation in intense physical exercise is discouraged. This recommendation is necessary despite the unknown relative sudden death risk for the minimal criteria cases.

Adolescent↗