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Biomedical subjects

J Morrison

Publications and source records attributed to J Morrison.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Effect of mode of delivery on incidence of respiratory distress syndrome.

The effect of route of delivery on incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) has been controversial. While some investigators have reported no difference in RDS rates in infants born by cesarean section as compared to vaginal delivery, others have shown a significant increase in risk for RDS among infants born by cesarean section. Data from the 297 patients comprising the placebo group in the recently completed collaborative study of antenatal steroid therapy in the prevention of neonatal RDS, were analyzed to determine the effect of mode of delivery on RDS. The results indicate that infants born by cesarean section without labor have a higher risk for neonatal RDS than infants born vaginally or by cesarean section after a trial of labor.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed1988

Religious values, practices and pregnancy outcomes: a comparison of the impact of sect and mainstream Christian affiliation.

In this report 6566 women enrolled in the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) were separated into three groups; members of religious sects, Christians who attend church frequently and Christians who are infrequent attenders. These three groups, respectively labelled Christian sects, Christian attenders and lukewarm Christians were compared on a number of social background, lifestyle and pregnancy outcome variables. The sect members appeared to have the most favourable health, lifestyles and healthy babies at delivery, though this latter finding appears attributable to specific characteristics of the mother and her lifestyle. On most measures the children of lukewarm Christians appear to manifest the worst health while Christian attenders form a group whose children's health is between that of sect members and lukewarm Christians.

Australia↗
PubMed1988

Identification of fibrin/fibrinogen in glaucoma filtration surgery wounds.

We have localized fibrin/fibrinogen in experimental glaucoma filtration surgery wounds in non-human primates by light and transmission electron microscopy. Fibrin/fibrinogen was abundant two days after surgery, but was virtually undetectable by seven days postoperatively. We have confirmed the identity of fibrin/fibrinogen on the ultrastructural level by immunoelectron microscopy employing antibodies directed against fibrinogen. Fibrin clot formation may play an important role in the wound healing response that causes glaucoma filtration surgery to fail.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A prospective comparative study of the extended nonstress test and the nipple stimulation contraction stress test.

The nonstress test and the nipple stimulation contraction stress test were performed at the Medical College of Georgia and the University of Mississippi Medical Center, with the use of common maternal state protocols, minimum criteria for baseline fetal heart rate reactivity, and follow-up of abnormal test results. At the Medical College of Georgia, 656 patients were studied with nonstress tests used as the primary test, whereas at the University of Mississippi Medical Center, 614 patients were managed with the nipple stimulation contraction stress test used as the primary test. Both populations were comparable in regard to pregnancy complications, gestational age, birth weight, perinatal outcomes, cesarean section rates, and the incidence of positive contraction stress tests. Specificity and positive and negative predictive values were similar for both tests. The extended nonstress test had higher sensitivity but also required significantly longer mean duration of testing. The corrected perinatal mortality rate for a reactive nonstress test or negative nipple stimulation contraction stress test was zero within one week of the last test. We conclude that both tests provide excellent primary methods of fetal surveillance and that the decision to use one test rather than the other should be made on the basis of considerations of cost, convenience, time availability, and the presence of specific test contraindications or pregnancy complications.

Breast↗
PubMed1987

Formulating a restraint use policy.

When the federal government notified Canadian hospital administrators that several deaths had resulted from improper application of physical restraints, we decided to examine our nursing practice in relation to restraint use. The government communiqué indicated that at any one time, up to 10% of a hospital's patient population may be using some form of restraint. A hospital-wide survey indicated that 13.2% of our patients were managed with physical restraints and that insufficient documentation occurred. This was interpreted as a significant clinical-administrative problem and we recognized the need for a formal policy. Other adult care facilities can benefit from our experience in solving this dilemma.

Documentation↗
PubMed1986

Early prediction of mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a prospective study of clinical and radionuclide risk factors.

To examine the prognostic value of early radionuclide imaging in patients with transmural acute myocardial infarction, 222 patients in Killip class I and II were studied prospectively within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms. The 30-day mortality rate for the entire group was 11% (25 of 222). Univariate analysis indicated that an initial radionuclide left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) of less than 0.30 was associated with the greatest relative risk (RR = 6.6), although the percent of abnormally contracting regions (RR = 3.9) and thallium-201 defect index (RR = 3.3) were also significant risk factors. Stepwise logistic regression indicated that addition of EF resulted in the greatest improvement over the best clinical model (Killip class and chest radiographic findings) for the prediction of 30-day mortality (chi 2 improvement = 12.8, p less than 0.0005). Using the optimal model for prediction of mortality (EF and Killip class), a high-risk group with a 30-day mortality rate of 39% (90-day mortality 47%) and a low-risk group with a 30-day mortality rate of 3% (90-day mortality 4%) was identified. In clinically stable patients with transmural acute myocardial infarction, early assessment of EF in conjunction with clinical evaluation, is a valuable method for early identification of high-risk subsets.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1986

Food iron and lead absorption in humans.

Food iron and lead absorption were measured simultaneously in 28 subjects by extrinsically labeling three consecutive meals with the radioactive tracers, iron 59-sulfate and lead 203-chloride. Absorption was measured directly in all subjects by whole-body counting and indirectly in 15 subjects by assessing subsequent levels of tracer in blood. Iron status of the subjects ranged from iron deficient to replete, thus providing a wide range of iron absorption. Statistically significant positive correlations were obtained between food-iron and lead absorption measured by whole-body counting and also between the tracer levels of iron and lead in the blood. However, the correlation between the absorption of the two elements was not strong, as evidenced by the fact that only 50% of the subjects who hyperabsorbed iron also hyperabsorbed lead.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Radioimmunoassay for mitoxantrone, a new antitumor agent.

A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for mitoxantrone in serum has been developed. The procedure allows direct measurement of mitoxantrone in unextracted serum samples, by using antisera from rabbits immunized with mitoxantrone-BSA antigen. Tritiated mitoxantrone of high specific radioactivity (ca. 15 Ci/mmol) was used as a radio-tracer ligand. The assay allows the detection of as little as 50 pg/ml and the quantitation of 75 pg/ml in 0.5 ml serum samples. Standard curves were linear in the concentration range of 75-2500 pg/ml, at antiserum dilutions of 1:15,000. The assay shows good reproducibility: coefficients of variation of 3-6% were obtained by analyzing five samples/concentration at 75, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 pg/ml. There was no cross reactivity with the major metabolite in human serum, having concentrations of up to 10,000 pg/ml. Serum samples collected at various time intervals from rats dosed intravenously with mitoxantrone (0.5 mg/kg), were analyzed for unchanged mitoxantrone by RIA. The drug concentrations decreased from 32 ng/ml at 0.5 h to 0.45 ng/ml by 24 h after dosing. Mitoxantrone, a dihydroxyanthracenedione derivative (1), is an antitumor agent currently used in clinical trials with very encouraging results, especially in metastatic breast cancer, and low incidence of adverse reactions (2-4). The drug is being administered intravenously at doses up to 14 mg/m2. Preliminary pharmacokinetic studies (to be published separately) indicate rapid distribution, followed by slow clearance rates from the tissues. The sensitivity of the currently available (HPLC) methods (5, 6) is of about 5-20 ng/ml in serum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Suicide in psychiatric patients: age distribution.

In eight years, 21183 San Diego County residents killed themselves. Of these, 52 had been at some time patients of one private psychiatric group. The suicide rate increased with age for the county population but not for the psychiatric patients. This difference was highly significant. Although older people generally are at greater risk for suicide, older psychiatric patients may be more responsive to treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Non-invasive measurement of cardiac output by a single breath constant expiratory technique.

A new single breath test has been developed that measures pulmonary blood flow (Qc) and pulmonary tissue volume by using the fact that Qc is proportional to the relationship between the absorption rate of acetylene (C2H2) from the alveolar gas and the rate of change of lung volume during constant expiratory flow. To make these measurements a bag in bottle system with a rolling seal spirometer, a mass spectrometer, and a minicomputer with analogue to digital conversion have been used. Qc was compared with cardiac output measured by the thermodilution technique in 20 patients with cardiac disease; some also had mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The mean (SD) resting Qc for the group was 5.27 (1.22) l/min and the cardiac output measured by thermodilution was 5.30 (1.31) l/min. The mean difference between the two estimations of cardiac output was 0.03 l and the standard deviation of this difference was 0.76 l. The Qc technique was not successful in patients with an FEV1/FVC less than 60%, but seemed to be accurate in those with higher FEV1/FVC values. Correction of Qc for the effect of venous admixture in 14 patients resulted in an average 19% overestimation of cardiac output (6.01 (2.52) l/min v 5.05 (1.64) l/min). It is concluded that cardiac output can be accurately measured in patients with cardiac or mild pulmonary disease. No correction for venous admixture due to ventilation-perfusion mismatch was necessary in these patients, presumably because the large breath used by the technique overcomes most mild ventilation-perfusion maldistribution. These findings, in addition to the non-invasive nature of the technique, suggest potential value for the measurement of cardiac output in various clinical conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Nifedipine and conventional therapy for unstable angina pectoris: a randomized, double-blind comparison.

To characterize the potential of nifedipine in the therapy of unstable angina pectoris we implemented a blinded, randomly assigned, titrated schedule of conventional therapy (propranolol, if not contraindicated, and isosorbide dinitrate) or nifedipine for 14 days in 126 patients hospitalized in a coronary care unit for ischemic chest pain of less than 45 min duration. There were no significant differences between conventionally and nifedipine-treated patients with regard to (1) the time to relief of pain as judged by life table analysis, (2) the decrease in anginal attacks per 24 hr from day 0 to day 2 (-2.5 +/- 0.4 for conventional therapy vs; -2.8 +/- 0.3 for nifedipine), (3) the decrease in the number of nitroglycerin tablets consumed per 24 hr (-2.0 +/- 0.5 for conventional vs -2.1 +/- 0.4 for nifedipine therapy), (4) the percentage of patients requiring morphine on day 1 (13% for conventional vs 21% for nifedipine therapy), or (5) the percentage of patients who developed infarction (14% in both groups). Among the 27 patients who did not respond to initial conventional (n = 13) or nifedipine therapy (n = 14), five in each group became pain free when the opposite therapy (either nifedipine or conventional therapy) was added. In the subgroup of 67 patients who were receiving propranolol before randomization, addition of nifedipine was more effective in controlling pain than was an increase in conventional therapy (p = .026). In the subgroup of 59 patients not receiving prior propranolol, initiation of conventional therapy produced more rapid pain relief than initiation of nifedipine therapy alone (p less than .001), which tended to increase heart rate. Thus, for the study population as a whole therapy with nifedipine alone was equivalent to conventional therapy for unstable angina, although this overall equivalence may result from a combination of superiority of nifedipine therapy in patients previously receiving beta-blocker therapy and superiority of beta-blocker therapy in patients not previously receiving beta-blockers.

Angina Pectoris↗